金属胁迫下沼肥对玉米发芽和苗期生长的影响

Effect of Biogas Fertilizers on Seed Germination and Growth of Maize under Metal Stress

摘要: 土壤里的金属污染经过植物富集和厌氧发酵聚集在沼肥之中而影响沼肥的品质。本文探究了不同类型的金属污染沼肥对玉米发芽和苗期生长的影响。结果表明：1) 金属污染的沼液显著抑制玉米种子的发芽过程，并且对种子的生物量积累也有较明显的抑制作用。复合金属污染对种子萌发的抑制作用相较于单一金属可能更强烈，且存在显著性差异(p < 0.05)。部分金属添加在一定程度上也促进种子的发芽，T3 (Ni)组的活力指数较T0提高54.16%，T4 (Cu)组的发芽指数较T0组提高44.23%。2) 施用沼渣肥可促进玉米幼苗生长和生物量积累，但大部分金属污染则会造成抑制作用，且对茎叶的抑制作用比对根的更强。T2 (Co)组对株高的抑制作用最大，T3 (Ni)组的生物量积累受到的抑制相对较大，仅T4 (Cu)组对株高有促进作用。本研究结果通过探究金属污染沼肥对植物生长的作用，为沼肥生产、农业利用和环境保护提供了理论依据。

Abstract: Metal pollution in the soil was accumulated in the biogas fertilizer through plant enrichment and anaerobic fermentation, which affected the quality of biogas fertilizer. This article explored the effects of different types of metal-contaminated biogas fertilizers on the germination and seedling growth of maize. The results showed that: 1) The metal-contaminated biogas slurry significantly inhibited the germination process and biomass accumulation of seeds. The inhibitory effect of composite metal pollution on seed germination was stronger than that of single metal, significantly (p < 0.05). Some of the metal addition promoted the germination of seeds. The vitality index of Group T3 (Ni) was 54.16% higher than that of the T0, and the germination index of Group T4 (Cu) was 44.23% higher than that of Group T0. 2) The application of biogas residue fertilizer promoted the growth and biomass accumulation of maize seedlings. Most metal pollution caused inhibition on the growth of seedlings. The inhibition on stems and leaves was stronger than that on roots. The inhibitory effect of Group T2 (Co) on plant height was stronger than others. The inhibition of biomass accumulation of Group T3 (Ni) was weaker than others. Only Group T4 (Cu) promoted the height of plant. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for biogas fertilizer production, agricultural utilization and environmental protection by exploring the effects of met-al-contaminated biogas fertilizer on plant growth.