归因风格和消极情绪对反事实思维的影响

The Influence of Attribution Style and Negative Emotion on Counterfactual Thinking

摘要: 本研究采用问卷调查和实验相结合的方式，以146名大学生为研究对象，采用2 (归因风格：乐观型、悲观型) × 2 (情绪：消极情绪，中性情绪)被试间实验设计，探讨不同归因风格个体在有无诱发消极情绪状态下反事实思维数量和方向上的差异。结果表明：1) 不同归因风格个体的上行反事实思维及反事实思维数量总量没有显著差异，但不同归因风格个体的下行反事实思维具有显著差异；2) 个体情绪不同，引起的反事实思维也有显著差异，诱发了消极情绪组的被试更容易产生反事实思维，上下行反事实思维也显著增多；3) 归因风格和情绪对反事实思维的影响没有交互作用，情绪的主效应非常显著。研究说明，消极情绪可以增加人的反事实思维，且乐观者比悲观者产生更多的下行反事实思维。

Abstract: This study used a combination of questionnaire and experiment, with 146 college students as the research object, using 2 type (attribution style: optimism, pessimistic) × 2 (mood: negative emotions, neutral emotions) subjects between design of experiment, to explore different individual in the presence of induce negative emotion state attribution style differences in number of counterfactual thinking and direction. The results show that: 1) There is no significant difference in upward counterfactual thinking and quantity of counterfactual thinking among individuals with different attribution styles, but there is significant difference in downward counterfactual thinking among individuals with different attribution styles; 2) Different individual emotions lead to significant differences in counterfactual thinking. Participants in the negative emotion group are more likely to produce counterfactual thinking, and there is a significant increase in upstream and downstream counterfactual thinking. 3) There is no interaction between attributional style and emotion on counterfactual thinking, and the main effect of emotion is very significant. The research shows that negative emotions can increase people’s counterfactual thinking, and optimists produce more downward counterfactual thinking than pessimists.