儿童高血压病因及临床分析

Etiology and Clinical Analysis of Children with Hypertension

摘要: 目的：分析住院儿童高血压的病因构成及临床特点，为儿童高血压的临床诊断提供依据。方法：回顾性分析重庆医科大学附属儿童医院2012年1月至2019年12月患高血压的住院儿童的临床资料，包括一般情况、临床表现、辅助检查、靶器官损害等。结果：1) 共941例患儿纳入本研究。其中原发性高血压9例，继发性高血压932例，男性患儿555例(59.0%)，女性患儿386例(41.0%)；2) 继发性高血压以肾实质性高血压多见(71.5%)，其次是药物性高血压(9.4%)、内分泌性高血压(7.6%)；3) 继发性高血压患儿中有98例合并左心室肥厚，有125例并发高血压脑病。结论：1) 住院高血压患儿以继发性高血压为主，而继发性高血压以肾实质性高血压为主。2) 原发性高血压与继发性高血压在各年龄段分布有差异，不同年龄段继发性高血压的病因分布不同，而各类继发性高血压血压值分布范围也有差异，临床特点也不一致。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the etiology and clinical characteristics of hypertension in inpatient children, and provide evidence for the clinical diagnosis of hypertension in children. Method: The clinical data of inpatient children with hypertension from January 2012 to December 2019 in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed, including general situation, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, and target organ damage. Results: 1) A total of 941 children who met the inclusion criteria were included. Out of them, 9 children were classified as primary hypertension, 932 were secondary hypertension. They consisting of 555 males (59.0%) and 386 females (41.0%). 2) The etiology of secondary hypertension was mostly of the renal parenchymal hypertension (71.5%), followed by hypertension due to drug (9.4%) and endocrine system diseases (7.6%). 3) Among children with secondary hypertension, 98 cases have left ventricular hypertrophy, and 125 cases have hypertensive encephalopathy. Conclusion: 1) Inpatient children with hypertension are mainly secondary hypertension, and secondary hypertension is mainly renal parenchymal hypertension; 2) The distribution of primary hypertension and secondary hypertension is different in different age groups. The distribution of the Etiology of secondary hypertension is different in different age groups, and the distribution of blood pressure of various secondary hypertensions is also different, and the clinical characteristics are also inconsistent.