人类消灭天花对有效防控新型冠状病毒肺炎的启示

Enlightenment of Human Experience in Eradicating Smallpox Epidemic on Effective Prevention and Control of Corona Virus Disease 2019

摘要: 目的：回顾人类医学史上消灭天花历程，旨在为全球新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情有效防控提供借鉴。方法：采用文献综述的方法进行研究。结果：为降低天花对人类健康危害，我国古代医者积极探索，于17世纪发明了人痘接种术，并传播国外，为降低天花对人类健康危害做出了积极贡献，被誉为现代免疫学先驱。18世纪，英国乡村医生琴纳在人痘接种术基础上，发明了具有里程碑意义的牛痘接种术，并于19世纪传播世界和传入我国，为人类最终消灭天花做出了历史性贡献。结论：天花消除的成功实践证明，面对全球重大传染病疫情，世界各国应携手共同努力，才可能尽早消除其对人类的危害。

Abstract: Objective: To review the eradication of smallpox in the history of human medicine, aiming to provide a useful reference for the global effective prevention and control of pneumonia caused by new coronavirus infection. Methods: The method of literature review was used for research. Results: In order to reduce the hazard of smallpox to human health, ancient Chinese physicians actively explored and invented vaccinia in the 17th century and spread it abroad. They have made positive contributions to reducing the hazards of smallpox to human health and are known as the pioneer of modern immunology. In the 18th century, the British rural doctor Jenner invented the landmark vaccinia vaccination technique based on the human pox vaccination technique, which was spread to the world and introduced to China in the 19th century, making a historic contribution to the eventual elimination of smallpox. Conclusion: The successful experience of smallpox eradication proves that in the face of the global epidemic of major infectious diseases, all countries in the world should work together to eliminate its harm to humans as soon as possible.