不同海拔柑橘园土壤养分特征及其与果实品质的关系

Characteristics of Soil Nutrients in Citrus Orchards at Different Altitudes and Their Relationship with Fruit Quality

摘要: 为探究不同海拔柑橘园土壤养分特征，阐明海拔对土壤养分与果实品质的影响，为果园土壤养分实行精准管理提供理论依据。采集不同海拔的柑橘园土壤与果实，按海拔高低划分为五个等级：海拔I (<150 m)、海拔II (150~200 m)、海拔III (200~250 m)、海拔IV (250~300 m)、海拔V (>300 m)。分析了柑橘园土壤pH、有机质、有效养分及其果实品质的化学计量特征。研究结果表明：80%柑橘园土壤呈酸性至强酸性，有机质、碱解氮含量适宜土壤比例分别为76.67%和63.33%，有效磷、速效钾含量过量土壤比例占55.56和41.11%。柑橘园土壤养分在不同海拔高度存在显著差异，海拔高度为200~250m柑橘园土壤pH最高，均值为5.64，最适合柑橘生长；土壤有机质含量随着海拔高度增加而增加，拟合方程为y_有机质 = 0.0484x + 15.07，R² = 0.1639；有效磷含量随着海拔高度增加而降低，拟合方程为y_有效磷 = 484528x − 1.624，R² = 0.2236。果实可溶性固形物含量随着海拔高度增加呈先上升后下降趋势，拟合方程为y_{可溶性固形物} = −0.0001x² + 0.0545x + 5.8462，R² = 0.1433，土壤pH和有机质含量与果实品质有显著相关性，p < 0.05。在今后果园管理中可对土壤养分实行分海拔精准施肥，及时控肥、追肥，以达到提高土壤肥力、提高果实品质的目的。

Abstract: Objective: In order to explore the characteristics of soil nutrients in citrus orchard at different el-evations, clarify the influence of altitude on soil nutrients and fruit quality, and provide a theoret-ical basis for precise management of soil nutrients in orchards. Method: Collected the soil and fruits of citrus orchards at different altitudes and divided them into five grades according to altitude: altitude I (< 150 m), altitude II (150 ~ 200 m), altitude III (200 ~ 250 m), altitude IV (250 ~ 300 m) and altitude V (> 300 m). Analyze the soil pH, organic matter, available nutrients and stoichiometry characteristics of fruit quality in citrus orchards. Result: 80% of the citrus orchard soil was acidic to strongly acidic. The suitable soil ratios for organic matter and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen were 76.67% and 63.33%, respectively. The soils with excessive available phosphorus and available potassium content accounted for 55.56 and 41.11%. There were significant differences in soil nutrients in citrus orchards at different altitudes. The pH value of the soil in the citrus orchard at the altitude of 200~250 m was the highest, with an average value of 5.64, which was most suitable for citrus growth. The content of soil organic matter increased with the increase in altitude. The fitting equation was y_{organic matter} = 0.0484x + 15.07, R² = 0.1639. The available phosphorus content decreased with the increase in altitude. The fitting equation is y_{available p} = 484528x − 1.624, R² = 0.2236. Soil pH, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available potassium did not show a significant correlation with altitude. The content of soluble solids in fruits first increased and then decreased with the increase in altitude. The fitting equation is y_YTSS= −0.0001x² + 0.0545x + 5.8462, R² = 0.1433. The soil pH and organic matter content was significantly correlated with fruit quality. Conclusion: In the future orchard management, soil nutrients can be accurately fertilized at different altitudes, controlled and top-dressed in time, so as to improve soil fertility and fruit quality.