大型底栖动物摄食功能群研究
Study on Feeding Functional Groups of Macroinvertebrates
DOI: 10.12677/AEP.2021.112039, PDF,    国家科技经费支持
作者: 徐 彬, 翟 昊, 刘曼红*, 于洪贤：东北林业大学湿地生物多样性保护研究中心，黑龙江 哈尔滨；东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨；曹晶晶：东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨
关键词: 大型底栖动物；摄食功能群；环境因子；溪流；古里河国家湿地公园；Macroinvertebrates； Feeding Functional Group； Environmental Factors； Stream； Gulihe National Wetland Park
摘要: 大型底栖动物是溪流生态系统的重要组成部分，尤其是EPT (E：蜉蝣目Ephemeroptera；P：襀翅目Plecoptera；T：毛翅目Trichoptera)水生昆虫幼虫，既是溪流中鱼类的重要食物来源，又可以指示水环境质量状况。本研究于2018年夏季(6月)和秋季(9月)，在黑龙江大兴安岭古里河国家湿地公园的溪流设置8个采样点，进行大型底栖动物样本的采集以及水体理化参数的测定。分析大型底栖动物物种组成特征以及摄食功能群的季节变化，运用冗余分析(Redundancy analysis, RDA)方法探讨大型底栖动物摄食功能群与环境因子的关系。本研究共采集到999个大型底栖动物个体，鉴定出14目34科65种。通过对大型底栖动物摄食功能群的分析，共发现有5种摄食功能群，即直接集食者(GC)、捕食者(PR)、撕食者(SH)、刮食者(SC)和过滤收集者(FC)，其中捕食者和集食者为优势功能群。Pearson相关分析结果显示只有捕食者(PR)与氯离子(Cl−)存在显著的正相关(P < 0.05, P = 0.02)。同时，RDA分析结果表明，10种水体理化因子对大型底栖动物的分布共同起作用，其中总磷和电导率、浊度、pH是影响大型底栖动物摄食功能群的主要环境因子。
Abstract: Macroinvertebrates are important components of stream ecosystems, especially EPT (E: Ephemeroptera; P: Trichoptera; T: Plecoptera) aquatic insect larvae, which are important food sources for fish in streams. It can also indicate the quality of water environment. In the summer (June) and autumn (September) of 2018, 8 sampling sites were set up in the streams of Gulihe Na-tional Wetland Park, Greater Khingan, Heilongjiang, to collect macroinvertebrates samples and determine the physical and chemical parameters of water. The seasonal changes of feeding func-tional groups and species composition of macroinvertebrates were analyzed, and the relationship between feeding functional groups of macroinvertebrates and environmental factors was investi-gated by redundancy analysis (RDA). In this study, 999 individuals of macroinvertebrates were collected and 65 species belonging to 34 families and 14 orders were identified. Based on the analysis of feeding functional groups of macroinvertebrates, five feeding functional groups were found and namely, Shredders (SH), Gather-collectors (GC), Scrapers (SC), Predators (PR) and Fil-ter-collectors (FC). The dominant functional group was the predators and the collectors. Pearson Correlation Analysis showed that only predators (PR) had significant positive correlation with Cl− (P < 0.05, P = 0.02). At the same time, the results of RDA analysis showed that the 10 water physical and chemical factors used in this study had a common effect on the distribution of macroinvertebrates, among them, total phosphorus, conductivity, turbidity and pH are the main environmental factors that affect the feeding function group of macroinvertebrates.
文章引用：徐彬, 翟昊, 刘曼红, 于洪贤, 曹晶晶. 大型底栖动物摄食功能群研究[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2021, 11(2): 351-362. https://doi.org/10.12677/AEP.2021.112039

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