全球新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)大流行对国内公众焦虑水平的影响

The Effect of Global Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic on Levels of Public Anxiety in China

摘要: 目的：评估COVID-19全球大流行期间各种因素对公众焦虑水平的影响，探讨影响公众焦虑情绪的因素，为我们进行制定心理干预措施和社会支持提供帮助。方法：本研究收集了1042份有效问卷，问卷内容包括年龄、性别、职业、婚姻状况、受教育程度、所在地区、个人和所在地相关部门是否采取相关防疫措施、是否因为疫情被隔离等一般问题，并采用贝克焦虑量表(Beck Anxiety Inventory, BAI)评估公众的焦虑水平。结果：本研究中所有被调查者的平均BAI得分为8.67 ± 11.969 (n = 1042)，高于中国人群的研究中报道的一般公众的BAI得分6.06 ± 7.15和5.67 ± 6.82 (n = 179) (p < 0.001)。高中及以下学历群体的焦虑率(46.4%)多于大学及以上群体(11.0%) (p < 0.001)。离婚或丧偶人群焦虑率(87.5%)高于已婚人士(18.6%)和未婚人群(6.2%) (p < 0.001)。相对高风险地区人群焦虑率(21.0%)高于相对低风险地区人群(15.6%) (p < 0.032)。被隔离人群(疑似和确诊病例)焦虑率(81.5%)高于未隔离人群(15.5%) (p < 0.001)。医学相关背景群体焦虑率(27.4%)高于非医学相关背景群体(15.5%) (p < 0.001)。个人和所在地相关部门未采取相关防疫措施的人群焦虑率(80.0%)高于采取相关防疫措施的人群(10.5%) (p < 0.001)。31~50岁群体焦虑率(25.0%)高于50岁以上(18.8%)和13~20岁人群(11.0%) (p < 0.001)。二元Logistic分析表明，受教育程度(p < 0.001)、婚姻状况(p < 0.001)、所在地区(p = 0.025)、是否被隔离(p < 0.001)、职业是否有医学背景(p = 0.002)、个人和所在地相关部门是否采取相关防疫措施(p < 0.001)是焦虑水平的重要预测因子。结论：研究结果表明有医学背景人员、个人和所在地相关部门未采取相关防疫措施、受教育程度低、疫情相对高风险地区、离婚或丧偶、因为疫情被隔离人群更容易焦虑。这些信息可以帮助我们在疫情大流行期间针对不同人群制定不同的心理干预计划。

Abstract: Background: We reported effects of COVID-19 outbreak on the level of public anxiety and identified various factors that could influence the mood the general public. It helps us plan psychological in-terventions and social support. Methods: We collected 1042 valid questionnaires during Aug. 9, 2020, which included age, gender, occupation, marital status, level of education, location, preven-tion measures and people quarantined. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to evaluate the anxiety level of the public. Results: The averaged BAI score of all respondents in this study is 8.67 ± 11.969 (n = 1042), which seems to be higher than those of general public reported in the aforemen-tioned previous studies 6.06 ± 7.15 (n = 146) (p < 0.001) and 5.67 ± 6.82 (n = 179) (p < 0.001). The anxiety rate of the group with high school education or below (46.4%) was higher than that of the group with college education or above (11.0%) (p < 0.001). The anxiety rate of divorced or widowed people (87.5%) was higher than that of married people (18.6%) or unmarried people (6.2%) (p < 0.001). The anxiety rate of people in high-risk areas (21.0%) was higher than that in low-risk areas (15.6%) (p < 0.032). The anxiety rate of quarantined respondents (81.5%) were higher than non-quarantined (15.5%) (p < 0.001). The rate of anxiety in medical background group (27.4%) was higher than that in non-medical background group (15.5%) (p < 0.001). The anxiety rate (80.0%) of individuals and local authorities who did not took relevant measures for epidemic pre-vention was higher than that of those who did (10.5%) (p < 0.001). The anxiety rate of people aged 31~50 years old (25.0%) was higher than that of over 50 years old (18.8%) and 13~20 years old (11.0%) (p < 0.001). Binary Logistic analysis showed that these were all important predictors of anxiety levels, which included education (p < 0.001), marital status (p < 0.001), location (p = 0.025), isolation (p < 0.001), occupation with medical background (p = 0.002), and prevention measures taken by individuals and local authorities (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that the anx-iety rate of specific groups was higher, which included quarantined respondents, people in high ep-idemic areas, non-anti-epidemic measures, people with medical background or low education level, the divorced or widowed. These data are of help in planning psychological interventions for the dif-ferent subpopulations in general public during and after COVID-19 outbreak.