高校外部空间夏冬两季小气候环境及人体舒适度分析——以云南大学呈贡校区为例

Analysis of Microclimate Environment and Human Comfort in Summer and Winter Out-er Space of Universities—Taking Chenggong Campus of Yunnan University as an Example

摘要: 研究小气候的环境效应对改善当地气候和人类舒适度具有重要意义。选取昆明市云南大学呈贡校区的8个样点在夏冬两季进行小气候要素观测，对观测数据进行整理分析，得到如下结果：1) 夏冬季，各观测点气温和地面温度的日变化规律均呈现早低午高的“单峰型”特征，相对湿度则呈现早高午低的“U”形特征；2) 有植被覆盖的下垫面相比于其他不透水下垫面具有更高的降温增湿效应，常绿阔叶林植物的降温增湿效应强于常绿针叶林和落叶阔叶林；3) 夏季，人体感觉普遍偏热，近水域和遮阴强的地方人体舒适度值最接近舒适区间值；冬季，人体感觉普遍偏冷，无水域及无遮阴的地方更舒适。

Abstract: The environmental effect of microclimate is of great significance to the improvement of local climate and human comfort. Eight sample points of Chenggong Campus of Yunnan University in Kunming city were selected to observe microclimate elements in summer and winter, and the observed data were collated and analyzed. The results are as follows: 1) In summer and winter, the diurnal varia-tion of air temperature and ground temperature at each observation point presents a “single peak type” feature, while the relative humidity presents a “U” shape feature. 2) Compared with other impermeable underlying surfaces, the vegetation covered underlying surfaces had higher cooling and humidifying effects, and the cooling and humidifying effects of plants in evergreen broad-leaved forests were stronger than those in evergreen coniferous forests and deciduous broad-leaved for-ests. 3) In summer, the human body generally feels hot, and the comfort value of the body near wa-ter and places with strong shade is closest to the comfort zone value. In winter, the human body is generally cold, no water and no shade place more comfortable.