新冠肺炎疫情期间医护人员心理健康状况调查及影响因素分析

Investigation on Mental Health Status of Medical Staff during COVID-19 Epidemic and Analysis of Influencing Factors

摘要: 目的：调查新冠肺炎疫情期间医护人员心理健康状态及其影响因素，为医护人员心理防护提供理论依据。方法：基于总体健康问卷GHQ-12和事件影响量表修订版IESR，通过线上问卷调查陕西省及湖北省十堰市部分医院233名医护人员心理健康状况及相关影响因素。结果：新冠肺炎收治定点医院医务人员相较于其他普通医院医护人员，GHQ-12与IESR各项评分均较高；医生群体相较于护士群体，GHQ-12与IESR各项评分均增高，但差异不具有统计学意义(P > 0.05)。发热门诊上医护人员IESR各项评分均显著低于普通病房医护人员(P < 0.05)，可能与前者工作主观意愿更强烈有关。23.8%的医生和22.4%的护士存在精神健康高风险(P = 0.804)，而33.3%的医生和32.7%的护士可能存在创伤后应激症状(P = 0.920)。Logistic回归分析发现，家人支持程度(OR = 0.557, 95% CI: 0.385~0.806, P = 0.002)与工作强度及压力(OR = 1.904, 95% CI: 1.273~2.847, P = 0.002)分别是精神健康高风险的保护因素和危险因素，而工作意愿强烈程度(OR = 0.685, 95% CI: 0.492~0.952, P = 0.024)与工作强度及压力(OR = 1.811, 95% CI: 1.271~2.581, P = 0.001)则分别创伤后应激的保护因素和危险因素。结论：新冠肺炎防疫医护人员中普遍存在心理健康问题和创伤后应激倾向，减缓工作强度及压力和有效的家庭支持将有助于改善医护人员心理健康状况。

Abstract: Objective: To assess the mental health status of medical staff during the Coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic and analyze the influencing factors, thus to provide a theoretical basis for psychological protection. Methods: Based on the general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the impact of events scale-revised (IESR), an online questionnaire was used to investigate the mental health status and related influencing factors of 233 medical staff in some hospitals in Shaanxi and Shiyan, Hubei. Re-sults: Compared with the medical staff of other normal hospitals, the medical staff of the designated hospitals receiving COVID-19 patients had higher scores on GHQ-12 and IESR. Compared with the nurses, the doctors had higher scores on GHQ-12 and IESR, although no statistically significant (P > 0.05). The IESR scores of the medical staff on the fever clinic were significantly lower than those of the general ward medical staff (P < 0.05), which may be related to the stronger subjective willing-ness of the former to work. 23.8% of doctors and 22.4% of nurses are at high risk for mental health (P = 0.804), while 33.3% of doctors and 32.7% of nurses may suffer from symptoms of post-traumatic stress (P = 0.920). Logistic regression analysis found that family support (OR = 0.557, 95% CI: 0.385~0.806, P = 0.002) and work intensity and stress (OR = 1.904, 95% CI: 1.273~2.847, P = 0.002) were, respectively, the protective factor and risk factor for high-risk of mental health, while strong willingness to work (OR = 0.685, 95% CI: 0.492~0.952, P = 0.024) and work intensity and stress (OR = 1.811, 95% CI: 1.271~2.581, P = 0.001), respectively, the protective factor and risk factor of post-traumatic stress. Conclusion: Mental health problems and post-traumatic stress tend to be common among medical staff during COVID-19 epidemic. Reducing work intensity and stress and effective family support will help improve the mental health of medical staff.