快速城镇化区域生活垃圾处置的生态效率评价
Ecological Efficiency Evaluation of the Disposal of Domestic Waste in the Rapid Ur-banization Area
DOI: 10.12677/JLCE.2021.102004, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 张 军*, 王 锐, 杨 晨, 杜红霞, 王 丽, 葛碧洲：陕西省环境工程重点实验室，环境类国家级实验教学示范中心，西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院，陕西 西安
关键词: 城镇化；生活垃圾；循环经济；能值分析；生态效率；Urbanization； Domestic Waste； Circular Economy； Emergy Analysis； Ecological Efficiency
摘要: 生活垃圾和农业固废物处理已成为制约城镇化进程的重大问题之一。本研究以西安市长安区、临潼区、蓝田县三个快速城镇化区域为例，通过垃圾物理组成及热值数据分别计算了卫生填埋–沼气发电、焚烧发电、生物质燃料混烧发电等三种垃圾处理方法的能值投入和产出结果，利用能值产出率、环境负载率、能值投资率、可更新资源投入率和能值可持续指数等5项基本能值指标从能量利用的角度对三种生活垃圾处理方法的环境可持续性与生态效率进行了比较分析。结果表明，采用生活垃圾焚烧和生物质燃料混烧发电处理法在能量转化效率和环境影响方面具有显著优势，有利于提高快速城镇化区域生活垃圾减量化水平和促进再生资源的社会化循环。
Abstract: Domestic waste and agricultural solid waste treatment have become one of the important problems restricting the urbanization process. In this study, three fast urbanization areas of Chang’an District, Lintong District and Lantian County in Xi'an City, are taken as examples. The energy input and out-put results of three waste treatment methods, including sanitary landfill biogas power generation, incineration power generation and biomass fuel mixed burning power generation are calculated respectively by physical composition and heat value data. Based on five basic emergy indexes in-cluding energy yield rate, environmental load rate, emergy investment rate, renewable resource input rate and emergy sustainability index, the environmental sustainability and ecological effi-ciency of three kinds of domestic waste treatment methods are compared and analyzed from the perspective of energy utilization. The results show that the method of domestic waste incineration and biomass fuel mixed combustion has significant advantages in energy conversion efficiency and environmental impact, which is conducive to improve the reduction treatment of domestic waste and the socialization cycle of renewable resources in the rapid urbanization area.
文章引用：张军, 王锐, 杨晨, 杜红霞, 王丽, 葛碧洲. 快速城镇化区域生活垃圾处置的生态效率评价[J]. 低碳经济, 2021, 10(2): 27-35. https://doi.org/10.12677/JLCE.2021.102004

参考文献

[1] 杜静, 常志州, 钱玉婷, 靳红梅, 黄红英. 农村生活垃圾处理模式及技术发展趋势[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2019, 47(6): 11-14.
[2] 张颖, 张林楠, 李婉赢, 王辉琴, 武扬, 何冰. 中国农村生活垃圾处理现状分析[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2017, 7(5): 373-379.
[3] Wang, A.Q., Zhang, L.X., Shi, Y.J., Rozelle, S., Osborn, A. and Yang, M. (2017) Rural Solid Waste Management in China: Status, Problems and Challenges. Sustainability, 9, 506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[4] 贾亚娟, 赵敏娟, 夏显力, 姚柳杨. 农村生活垃圾分类处理模式与建议[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(2): 338-351.
[5] 王晨颖. 垃圾混燃发电过程污染物排放优化控制研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 河北保定: 华北电力大学, 2012.
[6] 田颖, 马泽宇, 徐期勇, 等. 生物质-垃圾混合燃烧特性及其环境分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2013, 29(35): 193-198.
[7] 中华人民共和国建设部. CJJ/T 102—2004《城市生活垃圾分类及其评价标准》[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2004.
[8] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. CJ/T 313—2009生活垃圾采样和物理分析方法[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2009.
[9] 赵爱华, 张益, 李国建. 城市垃圾处理工程[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2006.
[10] 马铮铮. 沈阳市生活垃圾调查及处置方式研究[J]. 环境卫生工程, 2010, 18(2): 13-15.
[11] 古吉群. 垃圾发热值的实用测定方法[J]. 节能与环保, 2006(12): 54.
[12] 政府间气候变化专门委员会. 固体废弃物处理场所的甲烷排放. 《国家温室气体清单优良做法指南和不确定性管理》(第五章废弃物) [S]. 日本神奈川县: 全球环境战略研究所, 2008.
[13] Eggleston, H.S., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., et al. (2006) IPCC Guide-lines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Insti-tute for Global Environmental Strategies, Kanagawa.
[14] Astrup, T., MΦller, J. and Fruergaard, T. (2009) Incineration and Co-Combustion of Waste: Accounting of Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming Contributions. Waste Manage-ment and Research, 27, 789-799. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[15] 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 《生活垃圾焚烧炉及余热锅炉》, GB/T 18750-2008[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.
[16] 陆宏芳, 蓝盛芳, 李雷, 彭少麟. 评价系统可持续发展能力的能值指标[J]. 中国环境科学 2002, 22(4): 380-384.
[17] 沈一青. 武夷山市生活垃圾处理能值分析[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2007, 32(3): 37-41.
[18] 楼波. 垃圾处理的能值分析[J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 32(9): 63-71.
[19] 曾祥耙. 垃圾焚烧发电项目成本分析[J]. 环境卫生工程, 2014, 22(3): 57-60.
[20] Zhao, L., Chen, D.Z., Liu, G.Y., et al. (2010) Two Calculation Methods for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste Thermo-Chemical Conversion and Utilization Processes. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 30, 1634- 1641.
[21] 秦建光, 余春江, 王勤辉, 等. 流化床秸秆燃烧技术研究与开发[J]. 水利电力机械, 2006, 28(12): 70-75.
[22] 罗玉和, 丁力行. 基于能值理论的生物质发电系统评价[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2009, 29(32): 112-117.
[23] Uigiati, S. and Brown, M.T. (2002) Quantifying the Environmental Support for Dilution and Abatement of Process Emissions: The Case of Electricity Production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 10, 335-348. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[24] Cao, K. and Feng, X. (2007) The Emergy Analysis of Mul-ti-Product Systems. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 85, 494-500. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[25] Ulgiati, S. and Brown, M.T. (2002) Quantifying the Environmental Sup-port for Dilution and Abatement of Process Emissions: The Case of Electricity Production. Journal of Cleaner Produc-tion, 10, 335-348. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[26] Marchettini, N., Ridolfi, R. and Rustici, M. (2007) An Envi-ronmental Analysis for Comparing Waste Management Options and Strategies. Waste Management, 27, 562-571. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Brown, M.T. and Ulgiati, S. (1997) Emergy Based Indices and Rations to Evaluate Sustainability: Monitoring Economics and Technology toward Environmentally Sound Innovation. Ecological Engineering, 9, 51-69. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[28] 张祎旋, 傅童成, 周方圆, 李蒙, 周圣坤, 谢光辉. 中国废弃生物质能源化利用经济效益评价[J]. 电力与能源进展, 2020, 8(2): 38-47.

为你推荐