基于Lorenz曲线和基尼系数的农村土地利用现状分析

Analysis of Rural Land Use Status Based on Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient

摘要: 为丰富中国农村研究的多层次内涵，完善现有农村研究视角，本文从微观角度入手，科学评判我国农村土地利用现状，推动农村土地可持续发展。本文基于汶上县白石镇2017年土地利用数据，将研究某一区域产业专业化程度的区位熵和经济学中用于表示国民收入分配差距的洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数应用到土地利用结构分析中。综合采用洛伦兹(Lorenz)曲线－基尼系数法，选取园地、城镇村及工矿用地、林地、耕地等7个地类作为一级地类构建评价体系。结果表明：1) 林地、水域及水利设施用地、园地、交通用地基尼系数均超出0.4的国际警戒值，分布相当不均衡，分别为0.418、0.440、0.594、0.627，离绝对均匀线较远；2) 城镇村及工矿用地其次，基尼系数为0.369，分布不均衡；3) 2017年汶上县白石镇耕地和其他土地分布较为均匀，基尼系数分别为0.075和0.061。本文所采用的洛伦兹曲线–基尼系数法，可以有效分析土地利用布局的合理性和差异性，可为白石镇土地资源可持续利用及土地利用结构调整提供参考依据。

Abstract: To enrich the multi-level connotation of rural research in China and improve the existing rural research perspective, this paper starts from a micro perspective to scientifically assess the current situation of rural land use in China and promote the sustainable development of rural land. Based on the 2017 land use data of Baishi Town, Wenshang County, this paper applies the locational en-tropy, which is used to study the degree of industrial specialization in a certain region, and the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient, which are used in economics to indicate the national income distribution gap, to the analysis of land use structure. The Lorenz curve-Gini coefficient method was integrated, and seven land categories, including parkland, urban, village and industrial and mining land, forest land, arable land, and so on, were selected as the primary land categories to construct the evaluation system. The results show that: 1) The Gini coefficients of forest land, water and water conservancy facilities land, garden land and transportation land all exceed the international warning value of 0.4, and their distributions are rather uneven at 0.418, 0.440, 0.594 and 0.627 respectively, which are far from the absolute uniform line; 2) Urban village and industrial and mining land followed by a Gini coefficient of 0.369, with uneven distribution; 3) Arable land and other land in Baishi Town, Wenshang County, were more evenly distributed in 2017, with Gini coefficients of 0.075 and 0.061, respectively. The Lorenz curve-Gini coefficient method used in this paper can effectively analyze the rationality and variability of land use layout, and can provide a reference for sustainable land resource utilization and land use structure adjustment in Baishi Town It can provide a reference basis for the sustainable use of land resources and land use structure adjustment in Baishi Town.