4~6岁幼儿基于情景的选择性信任判断的发展特点

The Development of Selective Trust Judgment Based on Scenarios in the 4 to 6 Years Old Children

摘要: 目的：本研究旨在探讨幼儿何时能够基于不同的交往情景选择相信具有不同可信特质的人。方法：实验选取杭州市两所公立幼儿园中的293名4~6岁幼儿，采用情景故事法，测试幼儿在信守承诺和信息获取两种交往情景中，对具有善意、正直、能力的人的信任判断特点及其年龄特征。结果：4岁和5岁幼儿在信守承诺情景中更倾向于相信善意或正直的人，而在信息获取情景中对两种不同特质的人的选择性信任判断结果尚不稳定；6岁幼儿在信守承诺情景中更倾向于相信善意或正直的人，而在信息获取情景中更倾向于相信有能力的人。结论：4~5岁幼儿依据交往情景的选择性信任判断能力尚未成熟，而6岁幼儿已经能够基于不同交往情景选择相信具有不同可信特质的人。

Abstract: Objective: The present work aimed to explore children’s ability to make selective trust judgment based on different trustworthiness traits (competence, benevolence, and integrity) in different trust-related scenarios. Method: Totally 293 children aged 4 to 6 were participated in this study from two public kindergartens in Hangzhou. In the first section, children were introduced two characters with different trustworthiness traits: one was competent and the other was benevolent (in study1) or integrity (in study 2). Then in the second section, children were asked trust judgment questions separately for the promise-keeping and information-seeking scenarios. Results: The results showed that 4-year-old and 5-year-old children were more likely to trust the character with benevolence/integrity in the promise-keeping scenario, while in the information-seeking scenario, there was no significant difference on their trust judgments for the two characters with benevolence/integrity and competence. Only in 6-year-old children, they were more likely to trust the character with benevolence/integrity in the promise-keeping scenario, and they were likely to trust the character with competence in information-seeking scenario. Conclusion: These findings suggest that 4- and 5-year-old children’s ability to make selective trust judgment based on different trustworthiness traits in different trust-related scenarios was immature, while 6-year-old children become mature and stable on considering both the trustworthiness traits and scenarios when they make trust judgment.