大学生职业期望对择业焦虑的影响：心理弹性的遮掩效应

The Influence of College Students’ Occupational Expectations on Career Anxiety: The Masking Effect of Mental Resilience

摘要: 目的：了解疫情时期高年级大学生的职业期望、择业焦虑及心理弹性情况，分析心理弹性在职业期望和择业焦虑之间的作用。方法：采用职业期望量表、择业焦虑量表及心理弹性量表对河北省某高校971名高年级大学生进行问卷调查。结果：年级、专业和家庭平均月收入在择业焦虑上存在显著差异(F = 8.646, t = 2.59, F = 4.502, P < 0.01)；家庭平均月收入和毕业去向在职业期望上存在显著差异(F = 4.567, F = 7.308, P < 0.01)；性别、家庭平均月收入、是否接受过就业指导在心理弹性上存在显著差异(t = 3.539, F = 5.792, t = 3.539, P < 0.01)。职业期望与择业焦虑呈显著正相关(r = 0.181, P < 0.01)，职业期望与心理弹性呈显著正相关(r = 0.367, P < 0.01)，心理弹性和择业焦虑呈显著负相关(r = −0.114, P < 0.01)。心理弹性在职业期望和择业焦虑的间接效应表现为遮掩效应，间接效应与直接效应的比值为33.75%。结论：大学生的职业期望可以直接影响择业焦虑，也可以通过心理弹性的遮掩效应间接对择业焦虑产生影响。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the occupational expectations, career anxiety and mental resilience of se-nior college students, and analyze the role of mental resilience in the relationship between occu-pational expectations and career anxiety. Methods: 971 senior college students in Hebei Province were investigated with Occupational Expectations Scale, Career Anxiety Scale and Mental Resilience Scale. Results: The results showed that there were significant differences in career anxiety among grade, major and family average monthly income (F = 8.646, t = 2.59, F = 4.502, P < 0.01); there were significant differences in occupational expectations between family average monthly income and graduation destination (F = 4.567, F = 7.308, P < 0.01); there were significant differences in mental resilience among gender, family average monthly income and whether they had received employment guidance (t = 3.539, F = 5.792, t = 3.539, P < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between occupational expectations and career anxiety (r = 0.181, P < 0.01), a significant positive correlation between occupational expectations and mental resilience (r = 0.367, P < 0.01), and a significant negative correlation between mental resilience and career anxiety (r = −0.114, P < 0.01). The indirect effect of mental resilience on occupational expectations and career anxiety is masking effect, and the ratio of indirect effect to direct effect is 33.75%. Conclusion: The occupational expectations of college students can directly affect their career anxiety, and also indirectly affect their career anxiety through the masking effect of mental resilience.