大学生对单亲家庭子女群体的刻板印象研究

A Study on College Students’ Stereotype of Children from Single-Parent Families

摘要: 目的：考察当代大学生对单亲家庭子女群体的刻板印象现状，探讨来自不同群体的大学生对单亲家庭子女刻板印象是否存在差异。方法：采用单亲家庭子女群体自我刻板印象问卷、单亲家庭子女群体元刻板印象问卷、完整家庭子女群体他人刻板印象问卷，对201名大学生进行调查。结果：①单亲家庭子女群体自我刻板印象及其元刻板印象，完整家庭子女群体的他人刻板印象，总体性质较积极且趋于中性(m = 3.78，3.87，3.99)；②单亲家庭子女群体的自我刻板印象在主要抚养者类型上呈现显著差异(F = 4.067, p < 0.05)，完整家庭子女群体他人刻板印象在家庭月收入与父母文化程度上呈现显著差异(F = 3.098, p < 0.05; F = 9.288, p < 0.01)；③单亲家庭子女群体自我刻板印象得分显著低于其元刻板印象(t = −2.990, p < 0.05)，且二者呈显著正相关关系(r = 0.553, p < 0.01)；④单亲家庭子女群体自我刻板印象及其元刻板印象得分皆显著低于完整家庭子女群体他人刻板印象(t = −2.01, p < 0.05; t = −5.38, p < 0.01)。结论：当代大学生对单亲家庭子女群体的刻板印象依然存在，但总体态度趋于中立，社会歧视正在消减；单亲家庭子女群体的自我认知及社会感知均较积极乐观，但与外群体仍不一致。应通过社会积极引导，并结合良好的家庭、学校教育，增强对单亲家庭子女群体的关注与了解以进一步消除偏见。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the current situation of college students’ stereotype on children from single-parent families, and to explore whether there are differences in the stereotype of college students from different groups on children from single-parent families. Methods: A survey of 201 college students was conducted using the questionnaire on self-stereotype and meta-stereotype of children from single-parent families, the questionnaire on stereotype of others of children from complete family. Results: ① The self-stereotype and meta-stereotype of children from single-parent families, and the stereotype on others of children from two-parent families were positive and tend to be neutral in general (M = 3.78, 3.87, 3.99); ② The self-stereotype of children from single-parent families showed significant differences in the types of primary caregivers (F = 4.067, p < 0.05), and the stereotype of others of children from intact families showed significant differences in the monthly income of the family and the educational level of the parents (F = 3.098, p < 0.05; F = 9.288, p < 0.01); ③ The score of group self-stereotype of children from single-parent families was significantly lower than that of meta-stereotype (t = −2.990,p < 0.05), and there was a significant positive correlation between them (r = 0.553, p < 0.01); ④ The self-stereotype and meta-stereotype scores of children from single-parent families were significantly lower than that of children from two-parent families (t = −2.01, p < 0.05; t = −5.38, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The stereotype of single-parent family children still exists among contemporary college students, but the general attitude tends to be neutral, and social discrimination is decreasing. The self-cognition and social perception of the children of single-parent families are positive and optimistic, but they are not consistent with that of the outside group. In order to eliminate prejudice, positive guidance from the society and good family and school education should be adopted to enhance the awareness and understanding of children from single-parent families.