大数据背景下的企业环境守法激励机制研究

Research on Incentive Mechanism of Enterprise Environmental Compliance under the Background of Big Data

摘要: 当前我国环境法侧重于管制法，强调对违法行为的严格监管，对违法企业予以威慑性的环境执法，然而对于如何激发企业主动进行环境守法的规定严重不足，忽视了柔性环境执法方式对企业守法的促进作用。并且，我国环境法律责任规定有很大不足，环境违法成本低，刑事责任很少受到追究；行政责任较轻，不足以起到警示效果；民事责任方式规定不适宜，执行效果差。因此，运用大数据技术构建企业环境守法激励机制是一项有效且可行的措施，能够通过提高企业信用、政策激励等手段促使企业自觉守法，保护生态环境。

Abstract: At present, China’s environmental law focuses on the control law, emphasizes the strict supervision of illegal activities, and gives deterrent environmental law enforcement to illegal enterprises. How-ever, the provisions on how to stimulate enterprises to actively abide by the law are seriously insuf-ficient, ignoring the promotion effect of flexible environmental law enforcement methods on enter-prises to abide by the law. Moreover, China’s environmental legal liability provisions have great de-ficiencies, the cost of environmental violations is low, criminal responsibility is rarely investigated; administrative responsibility is light, not enough to play a warning effect; civil liability provisions are not appropriate, and the implementation effect is poor. Therefore, it is an effective and feasible measure to use big data technology to build enterprise environmental law-abiding incentive mechanism, which can promote enterprises to consciously abide by the law and protect the ecolog-ical environment by improving enterprise credit, policy incentives and other means.