生酮饮食对男性体重控制的影响

Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Weight Control in Men

摘要: 目的：探讨生酮饮食对男性体重控制的影响，具体体现在体重、BMI、体脂、血压等指标的变化中，正确认识生酮饮食，明确生酮饮食的不良反应。方法：通过研究生酮饮食与体重控制相关文献进行整理并形成综述。结果：(1) 生酮饮食可以使体重和BMI显著下降，P < 0.01。(2) 参与生酮饮食的人体脂率的下降幅度逐渐升高，体脂率逐步降低。(3) 脂肪的减少在体重的减少中的占比增大。(4) 生酮饮食对肌肉耐力没有负面影响，肌肉增加的可能性也较小。(5) 结合力量训练的生酮饮食具有减脂增肌的效果。(6) 12个月以上的生酮饮食可以使血压下降。(7) 生酮饮食可以促进脂肪分解代谢增强达到降低血脂的目的。(8) 生酮饮食有利于控制血糖。结论：生酮饮食可以有效减轻体重减少脂肪，长期的生酮饮食有利于心血管健康，但不正确的生酮饮食模式同样也会带来不良的反应。生酮减脂常见不良反应包括：低血糖反应、饥饿感、心跳加快和面色发红、皮肤瘙痒与风疹、便秘等。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the influence of ketogenic diet on weight control in men, which is specifically reflected in the changes of body weight, BMI, body fat, blood pressure and other indexes, so as to correctly understand the ketogenic diet and clarify the adverse reactions of ketogenic diet. Methods: The literature related to ketogenic diet and weight control was reviewed by graduate students. Results: (1) The body weight and BMI were significantly decreased by ketogenic diet (P < 0.01). (2) The decrease range of body fat percentage in the participants of ketogenic diet increased gradually, and the body fat percentage decreased gradually. (3) The proportion of fat loss in weight loss increased. (4) There was no negative effect of ketogenic diet on muscle endurance, and muscle gain was less likely. (5) The ketogenic diet combined with strength training has the effect of reducing fat and increasing muscle. (6) A ketogenic diet over 12 months can lower blood pressure. (7) Ketogenic diet can promote the enhancement of fat catabolism to achieve the purpose of reducing blood lipid. (8) Ketogenic diet is beneficial to blood glucose control. Conclusions: Ketogenic diet is effective for weight loss and fat loss. Long-term ketogenic diet is beneficial for cardiovascular health, but incorrect ketogenic diet patterns may also have adverse effects. Common adverse reactions of ketogenic fat reduction include: hypoglycemia, hunger, rapid heartbeat and redness, skin itching and rubella, constipation, etc.