磁悬浮列车等速交会气动力研究

Study on Aerodynamic Performance of Maglev Train Passing by Each Other at Constant Speed

摘要: 高速磁浮列车作为新一代高速轨道交通工具，其设计速度已经达到600 km/h，马赫数约为0.49。如此高的速度引起的复杂空气动力学效应对列车运行的稳定性和安全性产生了重大影响。本文通过数值模拟方法研究了三编组磁悬浮列车在以相同速度交会时，列车不同车厢的气动阻力、气动升力、气动侧向力的变化。本研究采用了滑移动态网格方法和k-ε湍流模型，并编译了用户定义的函数来确定磁悬浮列车的运动速度。结果表明，列车运行过程中，气动升力具有十分强烈的不稳定性，是影响列车稳定运行的主要因素，其振荡性主要来源于列车底部的不稳定升力，并且尾车所受气动升力远大于头车。两车交会时，列车气动阻力与气动升力和侧向力并不同步变化，且对列车下部分气动升力的影响大于对列车上部分气动升力的影响。

Abstract: As the next generation of high-speed rail transportation, the high-speed maglev train has a design speed of 600 km/h and a Mach number of about 0.49. The complex aerodynamic effects caused by such a high speed have a significant impact on the stability and safety of train operation. This paper uses numerical simulation to study the aerodynamic drag, lift, and side force acting on different carriages of the three-carriage maglev trains when they passing by each other at the same speed. In this study, the sliding mesh method and the k-ε turbulence model are used, and a user-defined function is compiled to determine the moving speed of the maglev train. The results show that the aerodynamic lift has very strong instability during the operation of the train, which is the main factor affecting the stable operation of the train. Its oscillation is mainly derived from the unstable lift at the bottom of the train, and the aerodynamic lift on the tail car is much larger than the head car. When two cars passing by each other, the aerodynamic drag of the train does not change synchronously with the aerodynamic lift and side force, and the influence on the lower part of the aerodynamic lift is greater than the influence on the upper part of the aerodynamic lift.