老年人健康教育服务需求意愿及影响因素分析——一项基于CLHLS的实证研究

Analysis on the Willingness and Influencing Factors of the Elderly’s Health Education Service Demand—An Empirical Study Based on CLHLS

摘要: 目的：了解老年人对健康教育的需求意愿，并研究其影响因素，为完善老年健康教育服务体系提供参考。方法：采用2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)数据，研究60~100岁之间的老年人，用R 3.6.3软件进行描述性分析、χ²检验和二分类logistic回归分析。结果：年龄差异，精力充沛情况差异，自评生活质量差异，60岁以前的主要职业差异，是否定期检查身体对老年人健康服务需求意愿有一定影响，90~100岁的老年人对健康教育的需求是60~69岁老年人的0.722倍，自我报告的生活质量为“非常糟糕”的老年群体对健康教育服务的需求是生活质量为“良好”老年群体的1.708倍，以上差异均具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论：增加老年健康教育服务的供给，应以预防为主，组织老年人定期体检，以低龄老人作为抓手，重点关注平时生活质量以及精力较差的老年人，引导其健康的生活方式，树立正确的健康观念。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the willingness of the elderly for health education, and to study its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for improving the health education service system for the elderly. Methods: The 2018 China Elderly Health Influencing Factors Tracking Survey (CLHLS) data was used to study the elderly between 60~100 years old, and R 3.6.3 software was used for descriptive analysis, χ² test and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: Age differences, differences in energetic conditions, differences in self-assessed quality of life, major occupational differences before 60, whether regular physical examinations have a certain impact on the willingness of elderly health services; The demand for health education services for the elderly aged 90 to 100 is 0.722 times that of the elderly aged 60 to 69; The elderly group with a self-re- ported quality of life of “very poor” was 1.708 times more likely to require health education services than the elderly group with a self-reported quality of life of “good”. The above differences are statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: To increase the supply of health education services for the elderly, we should focus on prevention, organize regular physical examinations for the elderly, take the younger elderly as the starting point, and focus on the elderly with poor quality of life and energy, guide them to a healthy lifestyle, and establish a correct health concept.