基于船载自动气象站的海上降雨特点分析

Analysis of the Characteristics of Rainfall at Sea Based on the Ship-Borne Automatic Weather Station

摘要: 通过船载自动气象站雨量计记录的两个航次高分辨率降雨资料，对太平洋、印度洋和大西洋的热带和副热带海域海上降雨的频率、强度和时间分布规律进行了统计，结果显示在这两个航次中，热带辐合云系是造成高强度降水的主要天气系统，海上有降雨的天数约占45.2%，以阵性降雨为主，从凌晨4点到下午15点下阵雨的概率相对较大。结合自动气象站同步记录的其他气象要素和船载多普勒天气雷达回波资料，对一次典型海上降雨过程进行了分析，发现在降雨期间会有明显的能见度下降，大气温湿度和海表皮温也会在降雨期间产生明显变化，多普勒天气雷达回波强度可以比较直观地显示出雨区大小、方位和距离。

Abstract: Based on the high-resolution rainfall data recorded by the ship-borne automatic weather station rainfall gauge in two voyages, the frequency, intensity and time distribution of rainfall in tropical and subtropical areas of the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean are statistically analyzed. The results show that in these two voyages, the tropical convergence cloud system is the main weather system that causes high-intensity rainfall, and the number of days with rainfall at sea accounts for about 45.2%, which is dominated by intermittent rainfall. The probability of intermittent rainfall is relatively large from 4:00 a.m. to 15:00 p.m. Combined with other meteorological elements synchronously recorded by automatic weather station and ship-borne Doppler weather radar echo data, a typical rainfall process at sea is analyzed. It is found that there will be a significant decrease in visibility during rainfall, and the atmospheric temperature, humidity and sea surface temperature will also change significantly during the rainfall process. The echo intensity of Doppler weather radar can intuitively show the size, orientation and distance of the rain area.