高熵合金的3D打印国内外研究发展
Research Development on Three D Printing Technology of High Entropy Alloys
DOI: 10.12677/MET.2021.103041, PDF,   
作者: 谭旺有, 陈刚辉, 张可可：中车广东轨道交通车辆有限公司，广东 江门；向鹏宇：西南交通大学，材料科学与工程学院，四川 成都
关键词: 3D打印；增材制造；高熵合金；选择性激光熔融技术；3D Printing； Additive Manufacturing； High Entropy Alloy； SL
摘要: 3D打印技术即增材制造技术，作为工业4.0时代最具发展前景的制造技术之一，是一种基于离散堆积成形思想的新型成形技术。目前，可用于直接制造金属功能零件的快速成型方法主要有电子束熔融(EBM)技术、电子束焊接(EBW)技术、选择性激光熔融(SLM)技术、数字光处理(DLP)技术、激光净型制造(LENS)技术和熔滴打印技术。高熵合金是近年来提出的一种全新的合金体系，与传统合金的一种或两种主元相比，高熵合金拥有四种或四种以上的主元，且每种主元含量都在5%~35% (原子含量)。高熵合金具有不同于传统合金的四大效应：高熵效应、扩散迟缓效应、晶格畸变效应以及“鸡尾酒”效应。这些效应赋予了高熵合金高强度、高硬度、耐磨耐蚀、高温抗软化及抗氧化等优异性能，使其被公认为21世纪最具发展潜力的材料之一。目前对多主元合金的加工工艺多以传统的真空电弧熔炼技术为主，但是该制备技术存在成形形状简单、成形尺寸有限、容易发生成分偏析、缩孔缺陷等不足，从而限制了其在多主元合金复杂成形构件的制备方面的应用。因此，尝试采用增材制造技术制备性能优异的多主元合金具有较大的科研意义。
Abstract: As one of the most promising manufacturing technologies in industry 4.0 era, 3D printing tech-nology is a new forming technology based on the idea of discrete stacking forming. At present, the main rapid prototyping methods for directly manufacturing metal functional parts are electron beam melting (EBM), electron beam welding (EBW), selective laser melting (SLM), digital light processing (DLP), laser net manufacturing (lens) and droplet printing. High entropy alloy is a new alloy system proposed in recent years. Compared with one or two principal components of tradi-tional alloy, high entropy alloy has four or more principal components, and the content of each principal component is 5%~35% (atomic content). High entropy alloys have four effects different from traditional alloys: high entropy effect, diffusion retardation effect, lattice distortion effect and cocktail effect. These effects endow high entropy alloy with excellent properties, such as high strength, high hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, high temperature softening resistance and oxidation resistance, which makes it recognized as one of the most potential materials in the 21st century. At present, the traditional vacuum arc melting technology is the main processing technology of multi principal component alloy. However, the disadvantages of this technology, such as simple forming shape, limited forming size, prone to component segregation and shrinkage defects, limit its application in the preparation of complex forming components of multi principal component alloy. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to try to use additive manufacturing technology to prepare multi-component alloys with excellent properties.
文章引用：谭旺有, 向鹏宇, 陈刚辉, 张可可. 高熵合金的3D打印国内外研究发展[J]. 机械工程与技术, 2021, 10(3): 364-376. https://doi.org/10.12677/MET.2021.103041

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