微生态制剂在凡纳滨对虾养殖中的应用研究进展

Research Progress in the Application of Microecologics in the Culture of Litopenaeus vannamei

摘要: 在水产养殖业飞速发展的同时，抗生素的危害也逐渐显现出来，不少国家开始禁止在畜牧行业使用抗生素。在这种紧急情况下，微生态制剂开始被人们重视起来。近十几年来因为它无毒害作用、效果好、绿色环保等特性被多国大范围推广与使用。本文主要叙述了微生态制剂的定义、分类与它的作用机理及其在养殖南美白对虾与海参中的应用。一般来说微生态制剂在水产养殖中的应用可以分为两类，一种就是添加在饲料中使用，通过直接作用于机体的方式来改善水产养殖动物的健康；另一种是直接加入水中，通过改善水质的方式去作用于养殖动物。通过以上研究，对微生态制剂的前景以及微生态制剂存在或潜在的问题进行阐述，为微生态制剂在水产养殖生产中的使用提供一定的理论指导。

Abstract: With the rapid development of aquaculture industry, the harm of antibiotics has gradually emerged. Many countries began to prohibit the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry industry. In this emergency situation, people began to pay attention to the microecological agents. In recent decades, it has been widely promoted and used in many countries because of its non-toxic effect, good effect, green environmental protection and other characteristics. In this paper, the definition, classification, mechanism of microecological and their application in the culture of Penaeus vannamei and sea cucumber were described. Generally, the application of microecological in aquaculture can be divided into two categories. One is that they are added to feed and used to improve the health of aquaculture animals by directly acting on the body. The other is to add it directly to the water to improve the water quality. Through the above research, the prospect and the existing or potential problems of microecologics were expounded and may provide some theoretical guidance for the use of microecologics in aquaculture.