“谷歌效应”：互联网对记忆的影响研究综述

“Google Effect”: A Review of Researches on the Influence of the Internet on Memory

摘要: 我们在使用互联网的同时，互联网也会反作用于我们的学习和记忆。当我们面临知识差距时，会马上想到向互联网求助，这一现象称为“谷歌效应”。本文从谷歌效应入手透视互联网对记忆的影响。互联网不仅是外部记忆媒介，也是我们的交互记忆伙伴，组成了交互记忆系统的一部分；从认知卸载的角度解释谷歌效应是当前普遍承认的观点，即人类的认知资源有限，会把一部分信息从内部认知资源转移到互联网上，从而减轻认知负荷。然而，该理论尚有局限，不能解释互联网环境下的绩效提升。后续的研究需要我们进一步探究谷歌效应发生的边界条件以及如何抵消谷歌效应带来的消极影响。

Abstract: When we use the Internet, the Internet will also react to our study and memory. When we are faced with the knowledge gap, we will immediately think of asking for help from the Internet. This phenomenon is called “Google Effect”. This paper explores the influence of Internet on memory from Google effect. The Internet is not only an external memory medium, but also our transactive memory partner, which constitutes a part of the transactive memory system. Explaining the Google effect from the perspective of cognitive unloading is a generally accepted view, that is, human cognitive resources are limited, which will transfer some information from internal cognitive resources to the Internet, thus reducing cognitive load. However, this theory has limitations and cannot explain the performance improvement under the Internet environment. Subsequent research requires us to further explore the boundary conditions of Google effect and how to offset the negative impact of Google effect.