股权让与担保内外部效力规则探究

Exploring the Rules of Internal and External Effectiveness of Equity Transfer Guarantees

摘要: 股权让与担保是一种通过实践和学说发展起来的新型担保，其担保手段超过目的的特性引发了民法与公司法之间的冲突，对其效力的解释逻辑也从单纯的民法领域延伸到了公司法的股东权利部分。股权让与担保是当事人真实意思表示，没有违反法律法规的强制性规定，应当认可其效力。在股权让与担保的对内效力方面，债权人的股东权利需要根据当事人协议认定，在没有约定的情形下需要对债权人行使股东权利作出必要的限制。在对外效力方面，则涉及善意取得制度和商事外观主义的适用，为更好平衡第三人与担保人的利益，需要完善股权让与担保的登记公示制度，形成对第三人信赖保护和担保人的公示对抗权利。

Abstract: Equity transfer guarantee is a new type of guarantee developed through practice and doctrine, and its characteristic of guaranteeing means over purpose has triggered a conflict between civil law and company law, and the logic of interpretation of its effectiveness extends from the purely civil law field to the shareholders’ rights part of company law. Equity transfer guarantee is the true intention of the parties and does not violate the mandatory provisions of laws and regulations, and its effectiveness should be recognized. In terms of the internal effect of the equity transfer guarantee, the shareholder’s rights of the creditor shall be determined according to the agreement of the parties, and in the absence of agreement, the necessary restrictions shall be imposed on the exercise of the shareholder’s rights by the creditor. In terms of external effectiveness, it involves the application of the bona fide acquisition system and the commercial appearance doctrine. In order to better balance the interests of the third party and the guarantor, it is necessary to improve the registration and publicity system of the equity transfer guarantee, so as to form the protection of the third party’s reliance and the guarantor's right of public opposition.