中国区域近地面风速与地表能量变化关系研究

Study on the Relationship between Near-Surface Wind Speed and Surface Energy Variation in China

摘要: 近地面风作为可直接利用的风能来源，研究其时空演变特征对风能的开发和利用有着非常重要的意义，而地表能量传输的空间分布和时间变化特征对陆地表面风速有重要影响，两者之间有着很大的联系。如果能够找出其关联的特点，对研究近地面风速和能量传输过程都具有意义。本文对1979~2018年中国区域内的近地面风和2005~2012中国区域高分辨率能量水分循环资料同化数据集进行了分析，研究表明：全年与四季的近地面风速有着明显的空间分布差异特征，且风速等级差异很大，以软风为主。轻风和微风所控制的区域存在较强的季节变化。全年与四季的近地面风速年际变化明显，都表现出先减少后增加的趋势，但总体呈显著的减少趋势。全年和春、夏、秋三季平均近地面风速在20世纪80年代以来减弱是一种突变现象，冬季平均近地面风速无突变点。中国区域的森林下垫面地表能量传输较强，森林和草地下垫面的能量传输主要以潜热通量贡献最大，而沙漠下垫面则主要通过感热通量贡献。

Abstract: Near-surface wind is a directly usable source of wind energy, and the study of its temporal and spatial evolution characteristics is of great significance to the development and utilization of wind energy, while the spatial distribution and temporal variation characteristics of surface energy transmission have an important impact on land surface wind speed. There is a great connection between them. If you can find out its associated characteristics, it will be meaningful for studying near-surface wind speed and energy transmission process. This paper analyzes the near-surface wind in China from 1979 to 2018 and the high-resolution energy and water cycle data assimilation data set in China from 2005 to 2012. The research shows that there is a significant difference in spatial distribution of near-surface wind speeds throughout the year and in the four seasons. And the wind speed levels vary greatly, with soft winds dominating. There are strong seasonal changes in the areas controlled by light and breeze. The inter-annual variation of surface wind speed throughout the year and in the four seasons is obvious, all showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, but overall there is a significant decreasing trend. The weakening of the average near-surface wind speed throughout the year and spring, summer, and autumn since the 1980s is a sudden change. There is no sudden change in the average near-surface wind speed in winter. The surface energy transmission of the underlying forest surface in China is strong. The energy trans-mission of the underlying surface of the forest and grass is mainly contributed by latent heat flux, while the underlying surface of the desert mainly contributes through sensible heat flux.