废弃农药用地土壤和地下水污染与评价

Investigation and Assessment of Pollution Situation of Soil and Groundwater in Abandoned Pesticides Sites

摘要: 采用单因子指数法和内梅罗指数法对位于华东地区中部的农药厂地块土壤和地下水污染状况进行了调查研究，旨在为治理农药厂地块土壤有机物污染提供理论依据。结果表明，土壤有机物超标点位8个，主要沿地块四周分布。单因子指数法评价表明各检测到的有机物污染程度为毒杀芬 > p,p'-滴滴涕 > 四氯化碳 > 氯仿 > α-六六六。内梅罗指数评价表明，厂区北部循环水池北侧S38、西北部盐酸精制车间S18和西部双氧水贮罐区S10的综合污染指数为3270.69、69.90和4.05，受污染最为严重，主要沿地块四周分布，与地下水总体流向由地块中部向四周流动一致。地下水有机物超标点位19个，西北角成品仓库点位未超标。单因子指数法评价表明各检测到的有机物污染程度为二氯甲烷 > 挥发性酚 > 甲苯 > 4-氯苯胺 > 四氯化碳 > 敌草隆 > 氯苯 > 草甘膦 > 1,2-二氯丙烷 > 4-硝基苯胺 > 1,3,5-三甲基苯。内梅罗指数评价表明，西南角硫酸亚铁车间W5点位、厂区东部生化池W19点位、西北部草甘膦车间W7点位、厂区西部草甘膦缩合车间W3-2点位、东部污泥池浓缩池W18-2点位和北部制氮制氧车间W9点位的综合污染指数达到1490.57、192.30、77.01、74.86、74.61和72.66，污染严重。其余点位也受到不同程度的污染，仅西北角成品仓库1点位未超标。

Abstract: The single factor index and Nemerow index were used to investigate the soil and groundwater pollution of a pesticide factory in Central part of East China, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of soil organic pollution. The results showed that there were 8 exceeding standard points of soil organic matter, mainly distributed around the plot. The single factor index method indicated that the pollution degree of each detected organic matter in soil samples was Toxaphene > p,p'-DDT > Carbon Tetrachloride > Chloroform > α-benzex. Nemerow index evaluation showed that the comprehensive pollution index of S38 in the north of the circulating pond, S18 in the northwest of hydrochloric acid refining workshop and S10 in the west of hydrogen peroxide storage tank area were 3270.69, 69.90 and 4.05, which were the most seriously polluted, mainly distributed around the plot, consistent with the general flow of groundwater from the middle to the surrounding area. There were 19 points of groundwater organic matter exceeding the standard, and the finished product warehouse in northwest corner did not exceed the standard. The single factor index method showed that the pollution degree of organic pollution detected was Dichloromethane > Volatile phenol > Toluene > 4-chloroaniline > Carbon tetrachloride > Diuron > Chlorobenzene > Glyphosate > 1,2-dichloropropane > 4-nitroaniline > 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene. Nemero index evaluation showed that, the comprehensive pollution indexes at W5 of ferrous sulfate workshop in the southwest corner, W19 of biochemical pond in the east of the plant, W7 of glyphosate workshop in the northwest, W3-2 of glyphosate condensation workshop in the west of the plant, W18-2 of sludge pond concentration tank in the east and W9 of nitrogen and oxygen production workshop in the north reached 1490.57, 192.30, 77.01, 74.86, 74.61 and 72.66, which were seriously polluted. The rest of the points were also polluted to varying degrees, only one point in the northwest corner did not exceed the standard.