管窥芬兰教育改革中的成功启示

A Restricted View on the Successful Enlightenment of Finland’s Educational Reform

摘要: 芬兰的教育改革因创新性人才的培养和傲人的PISA成绩而变得举世瞩目，在北欧福利治国思想与新自由主义意识形态的双重影响下，芬兰的教育在“公平”与“效率”间获得了充分的平衡。本文通过考察芬兰教育发展历程和教育改革中的成功举措，深入挖掘芬兰教育改革的成功密码，研究其在理念创新、方法创新和实践创新上，如何解决本国教育面临的多层面问题。并通过对芬兰教育成功因素的剖析，从学生“跨界贯通”能力的培养、基于主题的“现象教学”方式、信息技术与教学相长相促、外部教育管理层的理念转换等方面，为我国教育决策者和一线执行者提供有益启示。

Abstract: The Finnish education reform has become world-renowned due to the cultivation of innovative talents and the outstanding PISA achievements. Under the dual influence of Nordic welfare governance and neoliberal ideology, Finnish education gets a full balance between “fairness” and “efficiency”. This article examines the development process of Finnish education and the successful measures in the education reform, deeply digs into the success code of Finnish education reform, and studies how it can solve the multi-faceted problems faced by the country’s education in terms of concept innovation, method innovation and practical innovation. And through the analysis of the success factors of Finnish education, from the cultivation of students’ “cross-border connection” ability, the theme-based “phenomenon teaching” method, the mutual promotion of information technology and teaching, and the conversion of ideas of external education management, this article is dedicated to provide useful enlightenment for both the decision-makers and front-line executors.