中国化学奥林匹克竞赛试题中的缩合反应研究

Study on the Condensation Reaction of Competition Examination Questions in Chinese Chemistry Olympiad

摘要: 中国化学奥林匹克竞赛(以下简称化学奥赛)是中国化学会为全国高中学生组织的化学竞赛活动。缩合反应是形成碳碳键、引进官能团的重要方法，在有机合成中占有十分重要的地位。本文通过收集2011~2020年化学奥赛试题，研究缩合反应在奥赛试题中的考查情况。研究发现，缩合反应是化学奥赛的高频考点；缩合反应常与其他有机反应联合考查，考查题型多种多样，综合性很强；奥赛试题越来越重视缩合反应中人名反应的考查，提升了人名反应的反应机理和立体化学的考察分量，加强了对学生能力和思维的综合考察。由此笔者归纳了化学奥赛试题中缩合反应的命题特点和变化规律，并提出了相应的教学建议，希望对奥赛教练和参赛学生有所帮助。

Abstract: Chinese Chemistry Olympiad (hereinafter referred to as the Chemistry Olympiad) is a chemistry competition sponsored by the Chinese Chemical Society for national high school students. The condensation reaction is an important method for constructing carbon-carbon bonds and introducing functional groups, which takes important role in organic synthesis. This article studies the examination questions of condensation reactions in the Olympiad test questions through collecting the 2011~2020 Chemistry Olympiad test questions. It was found that the condensation reaction is a high-frequency examination point of the Chemistry Olympiad, and is commonly examined in conjunction with other organic reactions. The types of examination questions are variable, and the test questions are quite comprehensive. The Olympiad test questions attach greater focus on the organic name reaction, which enhance the investigation weight of the reaction mechanism and stereo-chemistry, so as to cultivate students’ abilities and thought. Based on the research results, the author summarized the proposition characteristics and future trend of the condensation reaction in the Chemistry Olympiad test questions, and put forward corresponding teaching suggestions, hoping to be helpful to the Chemistry Olympiad coachers and participating students.