武汉不同历时暴雨特征分析

Analysis of Characteristics of Rainstorms of Different Durations in Wuhan

摘要: 使用1955~2017近63年武汉国家基本气象站的逐时观测降水资料，以及近10年中心城区3个区域代表站资料，分析了武汉不同历时暴雨气候特征。结果表明：武汉夏季与全年暴雨量变化整体均呈波动上升趋势，暴雨主要集中于夏季。武汉暴雨主要存在2个主要振荡模态，分别为2a~3a和5a~6a、准10a和15a的周期振荡，年暴雨量在1979年存有显著突变。武汉不同历时(3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h) 50 mm年暴雨次数表现为明显波动变化趋势，3 h 100 mm暴雨次数相比50 mm大为减少，200 mm以上次数最少，中心城区不同历时年暴雨次数总体趋势与武汉站较为一致，但区域差异比较明显。不同历时暴雨月变化均呈单峰型，频次最多发生在7月，其次是6月。短历时(3 h)暴雨次数日变化最主要发生在夜间到上午时段，下午时段出现相对较少。

Abstract: Using the hourly observational precipitation data of Wuhan National Basic Meteorological Station in the past 63 years from 1955 to 2017, and the data from three regional representative stations in the central city in the past 10 years, the climatic characteristics of heavy rains in Wuhan with different durations are analyzed. The results show that the changes in the amount of heavy rainfall in Wuhan in summer and throughout the year show a fluctuating upward trend as a whole, and the heavy rainfall is mainly concentrated in summer. There are two main oscillation modes in Wuhan rainstorm, which are periodic oscillations of 2~3a and 5~6a, and quasi 10a and 15a. The annual rainstorm has a significant abrupt change in 1979. The number of 50 mm rainstorms in different durations (3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h) in Wuhan shows a clear fluctuation trend. The number of rainstorms of 3 h 100 mm is greatly reduced compared with 50 mm, and the number of rainstorms above 200 mm is the least. The overall trend of the number of rainstorms in the central urban area is the same as that of Wuhan Station but the regional differences are more obvious. The monthly changes of rainstorms of different durations are all unimodal, with the most frequent occurrence in July, followed by June. The diurnal changes in the number of rainstorms with a short duration (3 h) mainly occurred from night to morning, with relatively few occurrences in the afternoon.