龙泉山城市森林公园植被覆盖度变化及其对气候因子的响应

Change of Vegetation Coverage and Its Response to Climate Factors in Longquan Mountain Urban Forest Park

摘要: 为了掌握龙泉山森林公园植被的空间分布格局与时间变化，评估生态修复效果，指导修复工作，本文对2003~2020年龙泉山城市森林公园区域植被覆盖度(FVC)进行了时空变化分析，结果表明：1) 研究区域内FVC总体较高，FVC超过50%的区域占总面积72%，西侧FVC明显高于东侧，南侧明显高于北侧，海拔600米以上区域的植被覆盖度高于600米以下区域。2) 域内FVC存在明显的年内消长，3~6月FVC呈快速上升，7~8月达到全年最大值，并开始进入快速下降阶段，呈现高斯分布。3) 域内FVC总体呈上升趋势，增长率为0.63%/a，冬、春季增长率最高，秋季次之，夏季增长不明显。FVC改善区域面积占48.84%。4) 气温、降水与辐射等气象因子与月植被覆盖度存在显著正相关，是地区植被生长的主要控制因子。5) 冬春季降水对当期及后期植被覆盖度存在0~5个月的滞后影响，冬春季降水增加有利于植被覆盖度增加，此时段可以作为气象部门人工增雨作业的主要时间窗口。

Abstract: In order to grasp the spatial distribution pattern and temporal changes of vegetation in Longquan Mountain Urban Forest Park, evaluate the ecological restoration effect and guide the restoration work, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial changes of vegetation coverage (FVC) in Longquan Mountain Urban Forest Park from 2003 to 2020. The results show that: 1) The FVC in the study area is generally higher, with the FVC exceeding 50% accounting for 72% of the total area, and the FVC in the west side is significantly higher than that in the east side and the south side is significantly higher than that in the north side, the FVC above 600 m is higher than below 600 m. 2) The FVC in the study area has obvious annual growth and decline. FVC rises rapidly from March to June, reaches the annual maximum from July to August, and begins to decline rapidly, showing Gaussian distribution. 3) FVC in the study area is on the rise, with a growth rate of 0.63%/a, which is the highest in winter and spring, followed by autumn, but not obvious in summer. FVC improved area accounted for 48.84%. 4) Meteorological factors, such as temperature, precipitation and radiation, have a significant positive correlation with monthly vegetation coverage, which are the main controlling factors of regional vegetation growth. 5) The precipitation in winter and spring has a 0~5 month lag effect on the vegetation coverage in the current and later period. The increase of precipitation in winter and spring is beneficial to the increase of vegetation coverage, and this period can be used as the main time window for artificial precipitation enhancement in meteorological departments.