涡虫肌肉系统再生研究进展

Research Progress in Nervous Regeneration of Planarians

摘要: 涡虫结构简单，具有极强的再生能力。再生，是指机体受损后，细胞、组织和器官的修复，并重建适当的组织极性、结构。在同一动物的不同组织中可以采用多种模式。当受到创伤后，涡虫的任意部位均可以再生出完整的个体。这种强大的再生能力是由neoblast介导的，neoblast是一种含有多能干细胞的增殖细胞群，具有异质性。涡虫具有明显的极性，受损后，严格按照前后轴、背腹轴、左右轴进行再生。涡虫有发达的体壁肌肉组织，在整个有机体内形成复杂的肌肉网络。涡虫的体壁肌肉细胞产生的位置信息基因(position control genes, PCGs)，在再生过程中控制前后模式，对干细胞介导的组织替换和再生起着重要的指导作用。文章讨论了涡虫肌肉再生以及肌肉与极性基因之间的联系。

Abstract: The planarian has a simple structure and strong regeneration ability. Regeneration refers to the repair of cells, tissues and organs and the reconstruction of appropriate tissue polarity, structure, and form. Multiple models can be used in different tissues of the same animals. When traumatized, planarians can regenerate intact organisms. This powerful regeneration ability is mediated by neoblast, a kind of proliferation cell population containing pluripotent stem cells with heterogeneity. After being damaged, the planarian regenerates in strict accordance with the anteroposterior axis, dorsal ventral axis and left and right axis. Planarian has developed muscle tissue of body wall, forming complex muscle network in the whole organism. The signal molecules produced by the muscle cells in the body wall of planarians control the pre- and post-modes cells in the process of regeneration. Positional information genes (PCGs) mainly exist in muscle tissue and play an important role in guiding stem cell-mediated tissue replacement and regeneration. Muscle regeneration and the relationship between muscle and polar genes were discussed.