不同坡度及种植模式对土壤粒径组成及质地的影响

Effects of Different Slopes and Planting Patterns on Soil Particle Size Composition and Texture

摘要: 为探究不同坡度和种植模式对坡耕地黄土粒径组成及质地的影响，本研究以陕南山地为研究对象，设计三种坡度梯度(2˚、3˚、5˚)和两种种植模式(小麦、油菜)的坡耕地试验区进行研究。结果表明，种植小麦较油菜使得砂粒含量有所增加，以2˚处理的砂粒含量最高。油菜种植模式下，粉粒含量随坡度的增加而降低，以2˚粉粒含量最高，5˚粉粒含量最少。种植小麦与种植油菜相比，土壤的粉粒含量平均减少了1.04%，无显著差异。种植油菜较小麦使得粘粒含量显著增加，增幅为28.57%。油菜种植模式下，粘粒含量随坡度的增加而降低，以2˚粘粒含量最高，5˚粘粒含量最少。种植油菜促进了坡耕地细小颗粒的增加，土壤质地向粉壤土转变，以2˚最为突出，可作为土壤抗侵蚀的作物参考。

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of different slopes and planting patterns on the grain size composi-tion and texture of sloping farmland loess, this study took the mountainous area of southern Shaanxi as the research object, and designed three slope gradients (2˚, 3˚, 5˚) and two plantings models (wheat, rape) in the sloping farmland test area to study. The results showed that planting wheat increased the sand content compared to rapeseed, and the sand content was the highest when treated with 2˚. Under the rape planting mode, the powder content decreased with the in-crease of slope, with 2˚ powder content being the highest and 5˚ powder content being the least. Compared with planting rapeseed, the powder content of the soil was reduced by 1.04% on average, and there was no significant difference. Planting rape has a significant increase in clay content than wheat, with an increase of 28.57%. Under the rape planting mode, the clay content decreased with the increase of slope, with 2˚ clay content being the highest and 5˚ clay content being the least. Planting rape has promoted the increase of fine particles on slope farmland, and the soil texture has changed to silt loam, with 2˚ being the most prominent, which can be used as a reference for soil erosion resistance crops.