近百年来湖北省黄石地区的微塑料污染历史

Microplastic Pollution in Huangshi City,Hubei Province in the Past Century

摘要: 微塑料作为一种新兴的全球性污染物受到了广泛的关注。然而，对微塑料的长期污染历史及其与人类活动关系的研究仍相对有限。本文选择湖北省典型湖泊(黄石市的网湖)为研究区，基于沉积柱的放射性年代测定及不同深度沉积物样品中微塑料种类、浓度的分析，重建黄石地区80多年来微塑料污染历史；结合黄石市社会经费发展数据，探讨微塑料污染的不同阶段特征及其来源。结果表明：1) 1950年以来，微塑料浓度从300个/千克增加到5150个/千克。2) 多指标综合分析揭示出网湖微塑料污染历史为三个阶段：1940年~1965年，湖泊环境主要受到湖泊水产养殖、附近居民岸边洗涤衣物的影响，微塑料浓度范围是300个/千克~1050个/千克，污染程度较小；1965年~2000年，工业的迅猛发展及当地人口快速增加导致大量未经排污处理各种微塑料进入湖泊中，微塑料污染程度加大，浓度范围为1075个/千克~4150个/千克；2000年以来。伴随着城镇化和工业化快速发展，湖泊中微塑料污染进一步加剧，严重威胁流域的生态环境质量。

Abstract: Microplastics have received wide attention as an emerging global pollutant. However, research on its long-term pollution history and its relation to human activity remains relatively limited. In this paper, a typical lake of Hubei Province (Wanghu Lake near the Huangshi City) was selected as the research area. Based on the radioactive dating of deposition column and the analysis of microplastic concentration in different depth sediment samples for the past 80 years, combined with the data of human activities, we examined the characteristics of microplastic pollution. The results showed that: 1) Since 1950, the microplastic concentration has increased from about 300 to 5150 items per kilogram. 2) The comprehensive analysis of multi-index reveals that the his-tory of microplastic pollution in the lake is divided into three stages. From 1940 to 1965, the lake environment was mainly affected by the lake fishing, nearby shore washing clothes, micro-plastic concentration ranged from 300 to 1050 items per kilogram, exhibiting a slight pollution degree. In 1965~2000, the rapid development of industry and local population brought a large number of untreated microplastics into lakes with increased pollution ranging from 1075 items per kg to 4150items per kg. Since 2000, with the rapid development of urbanization and indus-trialization, the pollution of microplastics in the lake has further intensified, and the pollution source of microplastics has also expanded to the whole lake and seriously threatens the regional ecological and environmental quality.