滇中岩溶区土地利用变化特征及驱动力分析

Characteristics and Driving Forces of Land Use Change in Karst Area of Central Yunnan Province

摘要: 基于2000年、2005年、2010年的Landsat TM遥感影像和2015年的Landsat 8遥感影像解译，利用土地利用动态度、转移矩阵、土地利用程度综合指数，分析石林县土地利用时空演变特征和驱动机制。结果表明：1) 在2000~2015年期间，石林县耕地、林地、草地和建设用地分别增加了10%、3%、3%和3.3%，未利用土地和水域减少21%和0.2%；2) 在空间变化上，各类土地类型交叉分布，未利用土地、耕地和林地分布最广，水域、草地和建设用地相对分布较少。3) 2000~2015年，石林县的土地转移特征为：耕地、建设用地、草地和林地以转入为主，转入面积分别为165.42 km²、57.97 km²、52.25 km²、60.43 km²，未利用土地和水域以转出为主，转出面积分别为332.94 km²、3.47 km²；4) 2000~2015年，石林县的土地利用程度处于合理开发利用状态；5) 社会经济发展、人口因素、气候变化和政府政策是石林县土地利用变化的主要驱动因素。因此，在未来对土地资源的开发利用过程中继续加强对其石漠化的治理，既要资源利用最大化，也要环境最优化。

Abstract: Based on the interpretation of Landsat TM remote sensing images in 2000, 2005 and 2010 and Landsat 8 remote sensing images in 2015, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of land use in Shilin County are analyzed by using land use dynamic degree, transfer matrix and comprehensive index of land use degree. The results showed that: 1) During 2000~ 2015, the cultivated land, woodland, grassland and construction land increased by 10%, 3%, 3% and 3.3% respectively, and the unused land and water area decreased by 21% and 0.2%; 2) In terms of spatial change, all kinds of land types were cross distributed, the unused land, cultivated land and forest land were the most widely distributed, and the water area, grassland and construction land were relatively less distributed. 3) From 2000 to 2015, the characteristics of land transfer in Shilin County are as follows: cultivated land, construction land, grassland and forest land are mainly transferred in, with the transfer in area of 165.42 km², 57.97 km², 52.25 km² and 60.43 km², respectively; unused land and water area are mainly transferred out, with the transferred out area of 332.94 km² and 3.47 km² respectively; 4) From 2000 to 2015, the land use degree of Shilin County is in a state of reasonable development and utilization; 5) Social and economic development, population factors, climate change and gov-ernment policies are the main driving factors of land use change in Shilin County. Therefore, in the future development and utilization of land resources, we should continue to strengthen the control of rocky desertification, not only to maximize the use of resources, but also to optimize the environment.