仿生态环境下马来穿山甲的救护饲养试验

Experimental Study on Rescue and Rearing of Manis javanica in Imitation Ecological Environment

摘要: 目的：为观察马来穿山甲在散养状态下的生活习性，2018年5月1日~2019年9月30日观察第一批次3只马来穿山甲，以及2019年5月5日~2019年9月30日观察第二批次4只马来穿山甲的觅食、膘情及健康情况、行为变化、集群行为、繁育情况。方法：人工围建深4米、面积450平方米的仿生态大池作为散养场地，红外视频录像监控进食区与水源区，实地观察测量洞穴情况。结果：穿山甲可自主寻找到人工喂食位置并进食，进食行为与圈养时一致，野外生存技能得以保留，如爬树、挖洞、在腐朽的树头上挖食白蚁等。进食量稳定，健康状态良好；觅食时间呈季节变化，夏季觅食时间晚，冬季较早；夏季喜欢在水中泡水，夏季分散打洞居住，冬季集群居住一个洞内。2019年11月其中的一只马来穿山甲繁育出一只小仔，3月龄随母体进食人工饲料，但仅存活4个月。结论：近一年半的仿生态饲养经验表明，马来穿山甲在南亚热带地区可以存活，生活习性呈季节性变化，并能交配繁殖，但幼仔过冬仍存在障碍。人工救护的马来穿山甲是否能在广西的南亚热带的地区繁育生息仍待进一步的试验和观察。

Abstract: Objective: In order to observe the life habits of Manis javanicas in free range, the first batch of 3 Manis javanicas were observed from May 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019, and the second batch of 4 Manis javanicas were observed from May 5, 2019 to September 30, 2019 in terms of feeding, fat condition, health, behavior changes, herd behavior and breeding. Method: Artificially built a 4 m deep, 450 square meters imitation ecological large pool as a free-range venue, infrared video recording monitoring of the eating area and water source area, onsite observation and measurement of the cave situation. Result: Pangolin can independently find the location of artificial feed and eat. The eating behavior is consistent with the captivity, while retaining its habit of living in the wild, such as climbing trees and digging termites on decaying tree heads. The food intake is stable, the health is good, the foraging time changes seasonally, the summer foraging time is late, the winter is earlier; the summer likes to soak in the water, the summer disperses and caves, and the winter clusters live in a cave. In November 2019, one of the Manis javanicas gave birth to a baby, which was three months old and fed artificial food with its mother, but survived for only four months. Conclusion: More than one year’s experience of free-range breeding shows that Manis javanicas can survive in the south subtropical region, their living habits show seasonal changes, and they can mate and reproduce, but there are still obstacles for their young in winter. It remains to be further tested and observed whether the manmade Manis javanicas can breed and thrive in the south subtropical region of Guangxi.