坡耕地土壤养分含量的分布特征

Distribution Characteristics of Soil Nutrient Content on Sloping Farmland

摘要: 坡度是土壤养分流失的重要因素，针对坡耕地水土流失的现状，本文进行了不同种植模式的土壤肥力保持效应研究。试验设计的三种坡度梯度分别为2˚、3˚和5˚，两种种植模式分别为小麦和油菜，养分指标选取的是有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾。结果表明，油菜种植模式下，有机质含量表现为坡下 > 坡上 > 坡中，以2˚有机质含量最高。在3˚坡耕地土壤中，不同种植模式下依然表现为油菜种植的全氮含量高于小麦，增幅介于27.30%~69.06%之间，以坡中部位的增幅最大。3˚坡耕地中种植油菜较小麦有效磷含量增加了15.70%~31.51%，速效钾含量增加了10.40%~11.55%。可见种植油菜促进了坡耕地土壤养分的积累，可作为坡耕地土壤肥力保持的一种有效种植作物。

Abstract: Slope is an important factor in soil nutrient loss. Aiming at the current situation of soil erosion on slope farmland, this paper conducted a research on soil fertility maintenance effects of different planting patterns. The three slope gradients of the experimental design were 2˚, 3˚ and 5˚, and the two planting modes were wheat and rape. The nutrient indicators were organic matter, total nitro-gen, available phosphorus and available potassium. The results showed that under the rape planting mode, the organic matter content was downhill > uphill > mid-slope, with the highest organic matter content at 2˚. In the soil of 3˚ sloping farmland, the total nitrogen content of rapeseed planting is still higher than that of wheat under different planting modes, and the increase is between 27.30%~69.06%, with the largest increase in the middle part of the slope. Compared with wheat, the available phosphorus content of rapeseed planted in 3˚ slope farmland increased by 15.70%~31.51%, and the available potassium content increased by 10.40%~11.55%. It can be seen that rapeseed planting promotes the accumulation of soil nutrients in sloping farmland, and can be used as an effective planting crop for soil fertility maintenance in slope farming.