术前合并疾病与围术期神经认知障碍关系的研究进展

Research Progress on the Relationship between Preoperative Complications and Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders

摘要: 随着手术麻醉的普及和医学人文的发展，围术期神经认知障碍(perioperative neurocognitive disorders, PND)受到越来越多的关注。PND好发于老年患者，主要表现为注意力、记忆力、语言思维能力等的减退。PND不仅严重影响患者生活质量导致住院时间延长，还会对家庭以及社会造成巨大负担，甚至增加死亡风险。早期识别高危患者，提前干预，防治PND促进患者术后康复、加快医院周转，既维护了患者和医院的双方利益，也节约了公共卫生资源，减轻了国家经济负担。其发病机制尚未明确，主要与患者自身、手术、麻醉有关。本文就术前合并疾病对PND的影响做一综述。

Abstract: With the popularization of surgical anesthesia and the development of medical humanities, perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) has received more and more attention. PND is more common in elderly patients, mainly manifested as decreased concentration, memory, language and thinking ability. PND not only seriously affects the quality of life of patients and prolongs the length of hospitalization, but also causes a huge burden on the family and society, and even increases the risk of death. Early identification of high-risk patients, early intervention, prevention and treatment of PND promote postoperative recovery of patients, and speed up hospital turnover, which not only safeguards the interests of both patients and hospitals, but also saves public health resources and reduces the national economic burden. The pathogenesis is not yet clear, and it is mainly related to the patient, surgery, and anesthesia. This article reviews the impact of preoperative complications on PND.