长链非编码RNA在急性髓系白血病发病机制中的研究进展

Research Progress of Long Non-Coding RNA in the Pathogenesis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

摘要: 急性髓系白血病(AML)是造血系统恶性克隆性增殖性疾病，是一组高度异质性的疾病。目前还不清楚这种疾病的确切病因。复发的染色体畸变和基因突变与白血病的发展有关，并已在临床上用于急性髓性白血病患者的风险分层。由于AML的治愈率、生存率低，复发率高，因此探讨AML的发病机制，寻找新的肿瘤标志物和治疗靶点具有十分重要的意义。在过去的几年里，分子异常检测的快速发展给AML的预后预测和诊断带来了非常多的便利，给AML的诊断和治疗带来了有效的帮助。长链非编码RNA (long non-coding RNA, LncRNA)是长度超过200个核苷酸且不能翻译成蛋白质的RNA分子。但可以在转录前、转录和转录后水平调节其他基因的表达，从而参与多种肿瘤的发生和发展。近几年，随着对LncRNA研究的不断深入，其在急性髓系白血病中承担的角色不断被报道和证实。本文着重探讨了LncRNA CCDC26、XLOC_109948、LncRNA NEAT1、LncRNA-CRNDE、HOXBAS3、LncRNA CCAT1、LncRNA CASC15等长链非编码RNA在急性髓系白血病中的研究，综述了以上七种长链非编码RNA与急性髓系白血病的关系，可为急性髓系白血病的临床诊断和治疗提供潜在依据。

Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant clonal proliferative disease of the hematopoietic system and a group of highly heterogeneous diseases. The exact cause of this disease is still unclear. Recurring chromosomal aberrations and gene mutations are related to the development of leukemia, and have been clinically used for risk stratification of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Due to the low cure rate, survival rate, and high recurrence rate of AML, it is of great significance to explore the pathogenesis of AML and find new tumor markers and therapeutic targets. In the past few years, the rapid development of molecular abnormality detection has brought a lot of convenience to the prognosis prediction and diagnosis of AML, and has brought effective help to the diagnosis and treatment of AML. Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) is an RNA molecule that is more than 200 nucleotides in length and cannot be translated into protein. However, it can regulate the expression of other genes at the pre-transcription, transcription and post-transcriptional levels, thereby participating in the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors. In recent years, with the deepening of LncRNA research, its role in acute myeloid leukemia has been continuously reported and confirmed. This article focuses on the research of LncRNA CCDC26, XLOC_109948, LncRNA NEAT1, LncRNA-CRNDE, HOXBAS3, LncRNA CCAT1, LncRNA CASC15 and other long-chain non-coding RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia, and summarizes the above seven long-chain non-coding RNAs. The relationship between RNA and acute myeloid leukemia can provide a potential basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.