“中国学习者悖论”的再反思：东方“美德导向”学习观的利与弊

Rethinking the “Paradox of Chinese Learner”: The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Eastern “Virtue-Oriented” Learning Belief

摘要: 著名学者李瑾通过对“中国学习者悖论”问题进行系统的跨文化比较研究，提出了西方人的学习观为“心智导向”，而东亚人的学习观为“美德导向”的分野论断。文章首先肯定了东方“美德导向”学习观的优势在于对学习者主观能动性的激发与调动上，接着指出它可能存在的三项弊端：引发孩子的心理问题、导致片面化和绝对化思维、造成心智品质的培养缺位，最后提出重视学习的方法、策略也许是兼具“美德”与“心智”的折中之道。

Abstract: Through a systematic cross-cultural comparative study of the paradox of Chinese learner, Li Jing proposes that the Western view of learning is “mind-oriented” while the East Asian view of learning is “virtue-oriented”. This paper first affirms the positive side of “virtue-oriented” learning in stimulating and mobilizing learners’ subjective initiative, and then points out its three potential drawbacks—resulting in children’s psychological problems, one-sided and absolute thinking, and the absence of mental qualities. Finally, a way of learning that emphasizes method and strategy is put forward to be considered as a balance between both “virtue” and “mind”.