人ABO血型PCR与限制性片段长度多态性的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of Human ABO Blood Type by PCR and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

摘要: 由于三个等位基因I^A、I^B、i的不同组合，红细胞表面带有不同的抗原，因而ABO血型分为A型、B型、AB型、O型。其中A型血个体的基因型可能是I^AI^A或I^Ai，B型血个体的基因型可能是I^BI^B或I^Bi，因此，利用血清学方法无法直接判断A或B型血个体的基因型。根据I^A、I^B与i基因在序列上的区别，应用PCR与限制性内切酶片段长度多态性相结合的技术，可以进行人ABO血型的基因型鉴定。本实验用PCR-RFPL法对一名A型血个体进行基因型鉴定，并用测序进行验证。结果显示，PCR-RFLP法与测序得到的结论一致，说明该方法可行性较高。

Abstract: Due to different combinations of alleles I^A, I^B and i, red blood cells carry different kinds of antigens, for which there are four blood types: A, B, AB and O in the ABO blood type system. Genotype of indi-viduals with A blood type can be I^Ai or I^AI^A, and genotype of people with B type can be I^Bi or I^BI^B. As a result, we cannot know the genotype of people with A or B blood type directly by serological meth-ods. According to the difference of sequences between I^A, I^B and i, we can use PCR combined re-striction fragment length polymorphism method to identify genotype of human ABO blood type. In this experiment, we analyzed genotype of one individual with A blood type by PCR-RFLP and veri-fied the result by sequencing. The result showed that the conclusion of PCR-RFLP and sequencing method is coincided, which means that PCR-RFLP is feasible.