校园人工活动对一支箭植物生理形态的影响及其启示

Influence and Enlightenment of the Campus Artificial Activities on the Ophioglossum vulgatum Physiological Form

摘要: 一支箭是一种具有医药保健功能的中草药，人工大量采掘导致野生药材资源数量急剧减少、面临灭绝的危险。通过实地调查和对植物形态特征指标的测定，结果显示校园人工活动干扰下一支箭种群密度达到36株/m²，显著高于野生种群密度；植株高度、营养叶长度和宽度等指标明显低于野生植株，矮化现象显著；双叶数量高于野生植株，出现了一定的环境应激适应；种群繁殖以地下横走茎营养繁殖为主，呈轴向延伸态势。分析认为，校园打草、人工采掘和践踏等人工活动是一支箭植物生理形态变化的重要影响因子：打草和践踏主要产生植株矮化效应，同时对生境有构建作用；采掘破坏地下茎的生理结构，造成增生端数量增加，有利于种群数量增加和密度提高。依托城市人工草坪、绿地人工种植一支箭，有利于野生资源的保护和可持续利用。

Abstract: Ophioglossum pedunculosum is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine with medical and health care functions. Large amount of manual excavation has led to a sharp decrease in the number of wild medicinal resources and the danger of extinction. Through field research and measurement of plant morphological characteristics, the results showed that the population density of Ophioglossum pedunculosum under the disturbance of artificial activities on campus reached 36 strains per square meter, which was significantly higher than that of the wild plants; the height of plant, length and width of leaves are significantly lower than wild plants, and dwarfing phenomenon is obvious; the number of double leaves is higher than that of wild plants, and there is a certain environmental stress adaptation; population reproduction is dominated by vegetative reproduction of underground cross-stems, showing an axial extension state. It is concluded that artificial activities such as weeding, artificial excavation and trampling are important factors affecting the physiological and morphological changes of Ophioglossum pedunculosum: grass cutting and trampling mainly produce plant dwarfing effects, and at the same time have a constructive effect on the habitat; digging destroys the physiology of underground stem structure, resulting in an increasing number of proliferative ends, which is conducive to an increasing population and density. This article proposes that relying on urban artificial lawn and green space to plant Ophioglossum pedunculosum artificially is beneficial to the protection and sustainable use of wild resources.