我国重点行业污染场地土壤健康风险监管困境及对策探讨

Discussion on Dilemmas and Countermeasures of Soil Health Risk Supervision in Contaminated Sites of Key Industries in China

摘要: 如何实现重点行业污染场地土壤健康风险的有效监管及场地合理安全利用已经成为世界范围内的一项迫切需要解决的环境发展问题。为了推动高效的健康风险监管方案在我国重点行业污染场地的施行，本文在明晰污染场地土壤健康风险监管内蕴的基础上，多角度分析目前风险监管过程中存在诸如法律制度体系不健全、环境评估调查体系不完善以及健康风险评价参数不全的问题，结合我国实际情况对上述问题进行剖析，并提出相应的解决途径与方法，以期能够建立健全的重点行业污染场地土壤健康风险监管体系，解决监管困境，对我国“十四五”土壤环境管理和生态文明建设目标及指引我国土壤污染攻坚战具有重要的现实意义，以及为我国重点行业场地土壤健康风险监管水平的提升提供思路和参考依据。

Abstract: How to achieve the effective administration of health risk and reasonable use of contaminated sites in China’s key industries has become an urgent environmental development problem to be solved worldwide. In order to promote the efficient health risk regulatory scheme in key pollution sites in China, on the basis of clarifying the connotation of health risk supervision, this paper elaborates the problems existing in the current risk supervision process, such as the unsound legal system, unperfect environmental assessment and investigation system and the lack of health risk assessment parameters, and subsequently discusses the above issues in combination with the actual situation in China to provide corresponding approaches and methods as solutions. The es-tablishment of a sound monitoring system for soil health risks of contaminated sites in key indus-tries to solve the regulatory dilemmas is of great practical significance to achieve the goal of soil environmental management and ecological civilization construction in China’s “14th Five-Year Plan formulation” and to guide the battle against soil pollution in China. It also provides ideas and references for the improvement of soil health risk supervision level of key industrial sites in China.