大学生自尊对冒险行为的影响：个人成长主动性的中介作用
The Effect of Self-Esteem on Risk-Taking Behavior of College Students: The Mediating Role of Personal Growth Initiative
DOI: 10.12677/AP.2021.119232, PDF,    国家社会科学基金支持
作者: 孙海燕, 徐 静*：济南大学教育与心理科学学院，山东 济南；陈昱帆：山东中医药大学中医学院，山东 济南
关键词: 自尊；个人成长主动性；积极冒险行为；消极冒险行为；中介作用；Self-Esteem； Personal Growth Initiative； Positive Risk-Taking Behavior； Negative Risk-Taking Behavior； Mediating Effect
摘要: 目的：为了探索大学生自尊、个人成长主动性与冒险行为间的关系。方法：采用自尊量表、个人成长主动性量表以及青少年冒险行为问卷对济南市337名在读大学生展开调查。结果发现：1) 大学生自尊与积极冒险行为存在显著正相关，与消极冒险行为存在显著负相关。2) 大学生个人成长主动性与积极冒险行为存在显著正相关，与消极冒险行为存在显著负相关。大学生自尊与个人成长主动性呈显著的正相关。3) 个人成长主动性在大学生自尊与积极冒险行为中起部分中介作用；在大学生自尊与消极冒险行为中起完全中介作用。结论：大学生自尊既直接影响积极冒险行为，也可通过个人成长主动性的中介作用间接影响积极冒险行为，而大学生自尊只能通过个人成长主动性间接影响消极冒险行为。
Abstract: In order to explore the relationship between college students’ self-esteem, personal growth initiative and risk-taking behavior, 337 college students in Jinan were investigated by using self-esteem scale, personal growth initiative scale and adolescent risk-taking behavior questionnaire. The results showed that: 1) There was a significant positive correlation between college students’ self- esteem and positive risk-taking behavior, and there was a negative correlation between college students’ self-esteem and negative risk-taking behavior. 2) There is a significant positive correlation between college students’ personal growth initiative and positive risk-taking behavior, and a significant negative correlation between college students’ personal growth initiative and negative risk-taking behavior. There is a significant positive correlation between college students’ self- esteem and personal growth initiative. 3) Personal growth initiative plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between self-esteem and positive risk-taking behavior. It plays a complete mediating role between self-esteem and negative risk-taking behavior of college students. Conclusion: College students’ self-esteem not only directly affects their positive risk-taking behavior, but also indirectly affects their positive risk-taking behavior through the mediating role of personal growth initiative. However, the self-esteem of college students can only indirectly influence the negative risk-taking behavior through the initiative of personal growth.
文章引用：孙海燕, 徐静, 陈昱帆 (2021). 大学生自尊对冒险行为的影响：个人成长主动性的中介作用. 心理学进展, 11(9), 2052-2061. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2021.119232

参考文献

[1] 陈灵芝, 高志旭(2016). 藏族大学生自尊水平与冒险倾向的关系研究. 校园心理, 14(1), 32-34.
[2] 邓选梅(2021). 中学生自尊与专业心理求助态度的关系: 个人成长主动性中介作用. 文山学院学报, 34(2), 106-110.
[3] 季益富, 于欣(1999). 自尊量表. 见汪向东, 王希林, 马弘, 主编. 心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版, pp. 318-320). 北京: 中国心理卫生杂志社.
[4] 李彪, 张夏莹(2021). 初中生自尊与专业心理求助态度的关系: 一个链式中介. 中小学心理健康教育, (12), 14-17.
[5] 李品(2016). 企业员工个人成长主动性: 一般特点与影响因素. 硕士学位论文, 南京: 南京师范大学.
[6] 刘艳春, 陈姣(2019). 父母心理控制与青少年冒险行为的非线性关系: 自尊的调节作用. 心理发展与教育, 35(4), 401-410.
[7] 刘永芳, 毕玉芳, 王怀勇(2010). 情绪和任务框架对自我和预期他人决策时风险偏好的影响. 心理学报, 42(3), 317-324.
[8] 倪林英(2012) . 大学生攻击行为影响因素路径分析. 中国学校卫生, 33(8), 953-955.
[9] 孙灯勇, 王倩, 王梅, 满丛英(2014). 个人成长主动性的概念、测量及影响. 心理科学进展, 22(9), 1413-1422.
[10] 田录梅, 李双(2005). 自尊概念辨析. 心理学探新, 25(2), 26-29.
[11] 田录梅, 夏大勇, 李永梅, 单楠, 刘翔(2016). 积极同伴压力、自尊对青少年不同冒险行为的影响. 心理发展与教育, 32(3), 349-357.
[12] 田录梅, 袁竞驰, 李永梅(2018). 同伴在场和自尊水平对青少年冒险行为的影响: 来自ERPs的证据. 心理学报, 50(1), 47-57.
[13] 王冰(2017). 大学生同伴依恋与冒险行为的关系: 自尊的中介作用. 潍坊工程职业学院学报, 30(3), 57-62.
[14] 王冰, 田录梅, 董鑫月(2018). 家庭功能与青少年消极冒险行为的关系: 一个有调节的中介模型. 心理发展与教育, 34(2), 146-154.
[15] 尹文娟, 郑东辉(2019). 个人成长主动性对大学生冒险行为的影响及干预. 黑河学院学报, (11), 110-111.
[16] 张晨, 张丽锦, 尚丽(2011). 青少年冒险问卷-冒险行为量表在中学生中的信效度. 中国心理卫生杂志, 25(8), 636-640.
[17] 张明, 陈丽娜(2003). 感觉寻求与青少年冒险行为研究的现状和趋势. 东北师大学报, 53(3), 125-129.
[18] 张文新(1999). 儿童社会性发展(pp. 391-392). 北京: 北京师范大学出版社.
[19] 周浩, 龙立荣(2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12(6), 942-942.
[20] Benthin, A., Slovic, P., & Severson, H. (1993). A Psychometric Study of Adolescent Risk Perception. Journal of Adolescence, 16, 153-168.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Bitancourt, T., Tissot, M., Fidalgo, T. M., Galduróz, J., & Filho, D. S. (2016). Factors Associated with Illicit Drugs’ Lifetime and Frequent/Heavy Use among Students Results from a Population Survey. Psychiatry Research, 237, 290-295.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Cazenave, N., & Michel, G. (2008). Risk-Taking Behaviour and Self-Esteem Regulations among Adolescents: The Parkour. Annales Médico-Psychologiques, 166, 875-881.[CrossRef] 
[23] Danitz, S. B., Orsillo, S. M., Beard, C., & Bjrgvinsson, T. (2018). The Relationship between Personal Growth and Psychological Functioning in Individuals Treated in a Partial Hospital Setting. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74, 1759-1774.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Fischer, P., Kastenmüller, A., & Asal, K. (2012). Ego Depletion Increases Risk-Taking. The Journal of Social Psychology, 152, 623-638.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Garofalo, C., Holden, C. J., Zeigler-Hill, V., & Velotti, P. (2016). Understanding the Connection between Self-Esteem and Aggression: The Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation. Aggressive Behavior, 42, 3-15.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Geçkil, E., & Dündar, Ö. (2011). Turkish Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors and Self-Esteem. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 39, 219-228.[CrossRef] 
[27] Gossop, M. (1976). Drug Dependence and Self-Esteem. International Journal of the Addictions, 11, 741-753.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] Hansen, E. B., & Breivik, G. (2001). Sensation Seeking as a Predictor of Positive and Negative Risk Behaviour among Adolescents. Personality & Individual Differences, 30, 627-640.[CrossRef] 
[29] Jinadu, L., Salmiah, M., & Azuhairi, A. (2016). Association between Self-Esteem and Smoking among Religious School Students in Petaling District, Selangor. International Medical Journal Malaysia, 15, 3-11.[CrossRef] 
[30] Kazdin, A. E. (1993). Adolescent Mental Health. Prevention and Treatment Programs. American Psychologist, 48, 127.[CrossRef] 
[31] Ostrowsky, M. K. (2010). Are Violent People More Likely to Have Low Self-Esteem or High Self-Esteem? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15, 69-75.[CrossRef] 
[32] Özmen, O., & Sümer, Z. H. (2011). Predictors of Risk-Taking Behaviors among Turkish Adolescents. Personality & Individual Differences, 50, 4-9.[CrossRef] 
[33] Robitschek, C. (1998). Personal Growth Initiative: The Construct and Its Measure. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 30, 183-198.[CrossRef] 
[34] Robitschek, C., Ashton, M. W., Spering, C. C., Geiger, N., Byers, D., Schotts, G. C., & Thoen, M. A. (2012). Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59, 274-287.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton, NL: Princeton University Press.
[36] Ryan, K. K., Mackillop, J., & Carpenter, M. J. (2013). The Relationship between Impulsivity, Risk-Taking Propensity and Nicotine Dependence among Older Adolescent Smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 38, 1431-1434.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[37] Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.[CrossRef] 
[38] Salmivalli, C. (2001). Feeling Good about Oneself, Being Bad to Others? Remarks on Self-Esteem, Hostility, and Aggressive Behavior. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6, 375-393.[CrossRef] 
[39] Sharma, H. L., & Rani, R. (2013). Relationship of Personal Growth Initiative with Self-Efficacy among University Postgraduate Students. Journal of Education and Practice, 4, 125-135.
[40] Weigold, I. K., Weigold, A., Ling, S., & Jang, M. (2020). College as a Growth Opportunity: Assessing Personal Growth Initiative and Self-Determination Theory. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 2143-2163.[CrossRef] 
[41] Weigold, I. K., Weigold, A., Russell, E. J., Wolfe, G. L., Prowell, J. L., & Martin-Wagar, C. A. (2020). Personal Growth Initiative and Mental Health: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Counseling & Development, 98, 376-390.