基于政策工具视角的教育信息化政策分析

Policy Analysis of Educational Informatization Based on the Perspective of Policy Tools

摘要: 为破解教育改革和发展难题，国家大力发展教育信息化，并已取得一定成效。为回顾教育信息化发展历程，总结政策制定经验，本文选取2012年至2019年74份教育部发布的教育信息化政策文件为研究对象，构建教育信息化主题–政策工具二维分析框架。研究发现，教育信息化政策文本使用了丰富多元的政策工具；但是政策工具类型使用不均衡；不同教育信息化内涵主题的政策工具使用差别较大，比如目标定位主题主要运用权威工具，能力提升主题主要运用能力建设工具。因此，政府应加强政策工具使用的均衡性和有效性，增加激励工具使用频次，增强牵动力，结合实践探索新的政策工具类型，完善政策工具理论体系。

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of educational reform and development, the state has made great efforts to develop educational informationization and achieved certain results. In order to review the development process of education informatization and summarize the experience of policy formulation, this paper selects 74 education informatization policy documents released by the Ministry of Education from 2012 to 2019 as the research object, and constructs a two-dimensional analysis framework of education informatization theme-policy tools. The study found that the text of education informatization policy uses a wealth of diverse policy tools; but the types of policy tools are used unevenly; there are great differences in the use of policy tools for different themes of educational informatization. For example, authoritative tools are mainly used for target positioning, and capacity-building tools are mainly used for capacity improvement. Therefore, the government should strengthen the balance and effectiveness of the use of policy tools, increase the frequency of use of incentive tools, increase motivation, explore new types of policy tools in combination with practice, and improve the theoretical system of policy tools.