哮喘患者焦虑、抑郁情况调查及相关因素分析研究进展

Research Progress of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Asthma and Analysis of Related Factors

摘要: 支气管哮喘，一种内科常见的慢性发展性疾病，患病人数呈逐年上升。该病最大的特点是发病急、病情易反复发作、反复入院率及病死率均较高。由于上述特点，导致该病病患相对于同等严重程度的其他疾病病患更容易伴发各种心理疾患，其中焦虑、抑郁最常产生。一旦产生，二者便可相互影响、互为因果，反过来焦虑、抑郁可影响哮喘的控制，导致哮喘反复发作、病情进展，最终形成恶性循环。既往临床医师主要关注哮喘患者的药物治疗，极少关注这类患者的心理健康，而有关城市及乡村居民哮喘患者焦虑、抑郁有无差异及相关影响因素的研究更少。因此，在临床工作中，尽早及时发现伴发焦虑和(或)抑郁的哮喘病人，同时早期实施及时有用的干预，对提高哮喘的长期预后尤为重要。本文主要通过结合国内外相关研究最新进展及循证医学证据，对哮喘患者的焦虑、抑郁情况及相关因素研究进展作一综述。

Abstract: Bronchial asthma, a common chronic developing disease in internal medicine, is increasing year by year. The most important characteristics of the disease are acute onset, easy to relapse, high rate of repeated admission and mortality. Because of the above characteristics, compared with other diseases of the same severity, the patient is more likely to be associated with a variety of psychological diseases, among which anxiety and depression are the most common. Once produced, the two can interact and cause and effect each other. Conversely, anxiety and depression can affect the control of asthma, leading to repeated attacks and disease progression of asthma, and eventually form a vicious circle. In the past, clinicians mainly focused on the drug treatment of patients with asthma, and paid little attention to the mental health of such patients, while there were few studies on the differences of anxiety and depression between urban and rural residents and the related influencing factors. Therefore, in clinical work, early detection of asthma patients with anxiety and/or depression, and early implementation of timely and useful intervention are particularly important to improve the long-term prognosis of asthma. This article mainly reviews the research progress of anxiety, depression and related factors of asthma patients by combining with the latest research progress at home and abroad and evidence-based medicine.