乡村发展水平评价及薄弱地区定量识别研究——以北京市怀柔区14个乡镇为例

Evaluation of Rural Development Level and Quantitative Identification of Weak Areas—Taking 14 Towns in Huairou District of Beijing as Examples

摘要: 综合评价乡村发展水平、科学识别乡村发展薄弱地区是建设美丽乡村、推进乡村振兴的重要前提。以北京市怀柔区14个乡镇为例，构建乡村发展水平评价指标体系，比较运用多种方法确定权重，综合计算得到各乡镇单项指标指数及综合发展指数，并采用平均值法、中位数法和标准差法识别乡村发展薄弱地区。研究表明：① 在发展水平评价方面，平均值法与层次分析法计算得到的乡村综合发展及各单项指标指数趋势大致相同，且两者之间相关系数最大为0.989，熵值法的结果与其他两种方法存在差异，但从整体上看，层次分析法所得各单项指标及综合指标数值更符合案例实际情况。② 在薄弱地区识别方面，平均值法与中位数法选定的各项指标阈值相近，除雁栖镇基本服务发展水平识别结果不同外，其余各项指标中的薄弱地区完全一致。标准差分类法和其他两种方法相比阈值差异较大，但是其识别出的乡村发展薄弱地区结果更符合当前实际。③ 总体地，临近街道的乡镇综合发展水平较高，怀柔镇综合发展水平最高，汤河口镇综合发展水平最低；汤河口镇属于乡村综合发展薄弱地区，喇叭沟门满族乡、琉璃庙镇、九渡河镇分别属于基本服务水平薄弱地区、人口集聚水平薄弱地区和经济发展水平薄弱地区，怀柔镇和雁栖镇属于农业生产发展薄弱区。为推进乡村发展薄弱地区的转型发展，应充分挖掘乡村特色，明确发展定位，发展优势产业，保护生态环境，加强基础设施建设，提升公共服务能力。

Abstract: Comprehensive evaluation of the level of rural development and scientific identification of weak rural development areas are important prerequisites for promoting rural revitalization and building beautiful villages. Taking 14 towns and villages in Huairou District of Beijing as examples, a rural development level evaluation index system was established. Multiple weighting methods were used for weighted summation to obtain a single index and comprehensive development index. The average method, median method and standard deviation method were used. The difference classification method identifies the weak rural development areas. The research shows that: ① Under the average value method and the analytic hierarchy process, the rural comprehensive development and the index trends of individual indicators are approximately the same, with the correlation coefficient is about 0.989. The results of the entropy method are somewhat different from those of the two methods. However, on the whole, the individual indicators and comprehensive indicator values obtained by the analytic hierarchy process are more in line with the actual situation in Huairou District. ② The average value method is similar to the threshold value of each index in the median method. Except for the identification results of the basic service development level of Yanqi Town, the weak areas in the other indicators are completely consistent. Compared with the other two methods, the standard deviation method has a larger threshold difference, but the results of identifying weak rural development areas are more in line with the actual situation. ③ On the whole, the comprehensive development level of villages and towns near the streets is high; the comprehensive development level of Huairou Town is the highest, and the level of Tanghekou Town is the lowest. Tanghekou Town belongs to the weak area of rural comprehensive development. Labagoumen Manchu Township, Liulimiao Town and Jiuduhe Town belong to the weak area of basic service level, population agglomeration level and economic development level respectively. Huairou Town and Yanqi Town belong to the weak area of agricultural production development. In order to promote the transformation and development of weak rural areas, we should fully tap the characteristics of the village, clearly define the development positioning, develop advantageous industries, protect the ecological environment, strengthen infrastructure construction, and enhance public service capabilities.