济南市白泉泉域地下水资源及开采潜力评价

Evaluation of Groundwater Resources and Withdrawal Potential in Bai Spring Area, Jinan City, China

摘要: 济南市白泉泉域的城市化建设导致地下水的降水入渗补给量减少，且由于相邻趵突泉泉域的保泉供水工作，白泉泉域水源地地下水开采量减少，由此导致了泉域的地下水均衡状况在近20年来发生了较大变化。为研究济南市白泉泉域的地下水资源现状，保障当地地下水资源开发利用的可持续发展，本文采用水量均衡法，对济南市白泉泉域岩溶水系统的地下水资源量进行了评价，并通过采样测试，评价了区内三个水源地的水质。采用开采系数法，计算了不同降水保证率条件下的补给量，并对研究区地下水开采潜力进行了分析。研究表明，白泉泉域地下水补给量为10,496.40 * 104 m³/a，排泄量为7912.51 * 104 m³/a，均衡差为2583.89 * 104 m³/a，为正均衡。需对重点渗漏带进行保护，并严格控制地下水开采。水源地岩溶地下水为III类水，超标指标主要为硝酸盐、硫酸盐、TDS、总硬度，各指标浓度与背景值比均有明显升高。在多年现状开采量条件下的开采潜力指数为1.35，表明区域地下水具备一定开采潜力。由于含水层调蓄能力巨大，补给条件优越，特枯年份动用部分储存量在丰水年可以得到补偿。即使是特枯年，也可以保持现状开采量，但对于扩大开采则需慎重。最后，对典型水源地进行了允许开采量计算评价，认为裴家营白泉水厂现状条件下提供1.5 * 104 m³/d的备用开采量是有保障的。该水厂可作为区域备用水源地使用。

Abstract: In the past two decades, the urbanization of the Bai Spring area in Jinan City has led to a decrease in the amount of precipitation infiltration recharge of groundwater, and the amount of groundwater withdrawal in the water source areas of the Bai Spring area has decreased due to the spring protection work in the adjacent Baotu Spring area, both resulting in great changes of the groundwater balance. In order to study the status of groundwater resources in Bai Spring area of Jinan City and ensure the sustainable utilization of local groundwater resources, this paper adopts the water balance method to evaluate the amount of groundwater resources in the karst groundwater system of Bai Spring in Jinan City, and evaluates the water quality of three water source areas based on the test results of groundwater samples. The groundwater recharge under the conditions of different precipitation guarantee rates is calculated, and the withdrawal coefficient method is used to analyze the withdrawal potentiality of groundwater in the study area. Research shows that the groundwater recharge rate in the Bai Spring area is 10496.40 * 104 m³/a, the discharge rate is 7912.51 * 104 m³/a, and the balance difference is 2583.89 * 104 m³/a, which is positive. The key leakage zones should be protected, and the withdrawal of groundwater should be strictly controlled. The groundwater quality in the source areas is Class III, and the main indexes exceeding the standard are nitrate, sulfate, TDS, and total hardness. The concentration of each indicator has increased significantly compared to the background value. The average withdrawal potential index is 1.35, indicating that the regional groundwater has a certain withdrawal potential. Due to the huge storage capacity of aquifers and superior recharge conditions, part of the storage capacity used in extremely dry years can be compensated in wet years. Even in extremely dry years, the current withdrawal rate can be maintained, but it should be cautious about expanding the withdrawal rate. Finally, the calculation and evaluation of the allowable withdrawal of the typical water source areas groundwater are carried out, and it is believed that under the current conditions of the Peijiaying Bai Sping Water Plant, it is safe to provide a reserve withdrawal of 1.5 * 104 m³/d. The water plant is able to be used as a regional backup water source.