三种紫金牛属植物的木材解剖学研究

Wood Anatomy Research of Three Plants of Ardisia Swartz

摘要: 为了更好地识别紫金牛属(Ardisia Swartz)的铜盆花(A. obtusa Mez)、矮紫金牛(A. humilis Vahl)及大罗伞树(A. hanceana Mez)的木材解剖学特征，本文从植物树皮、木材宏观及微观构造进行了详细观测。研究表明：以上三者的树皮棕褐色至灰绿色，厚度0.5~2.0 mm；木材几无光泽；生长轮不明显，3~5轮/cm；导管横切面常具多角形轮廓；径列复管孔为主，管孔链2~6个，管孔团常见；管孔弦径15~50 μm，多数20~35 μm；导管分子长度(铜盆花160~640 μm、矮紫金牛80~280 μm、大罗伞树220~625 μm)；导管分子穿孔为单穿孔，穿孔板斜列或平行；轴向薄壁组织无或不明显；木射线非叠生，异形II型，多列；木射线密度(铜盆花10~16根/mm、矮紫金牛2~3根/mm、大罗伞树3~5根/mm)；木射线宽度(铜盆花2~6细胞、矮紫金牛3~9细胞、大罗伞树1~3细胞)；木射线高度除铜盆花外常超过切片范围；木射线间距(铜盆花46~188 μm、矮紫金牛80~640 μm、大罗伞树400~1080 μm)；木射线细胞大小(铜盆花和矮紫金牛常大于管孔，大罗伞树常小于管孔)；木射线细胞形状(铜盆花和大罗伞树通常为长圆形，矮紫金牛多数为多角形)；木射线中段偶见收窄，在铜盆花和矮紫金牛中常见上下两段射线由“S”形纤维隔开；髓心细胞形状(铜盆花和大罗伞树为多角形，而矮紫金牛为圆形至椭圆形)；铜盆花的髓心细胞含有晶体，并形成晶簇；矮紫金牛的髓心具有丰富的维管束。

Abstract: In order to better identify the wood anatomical characteristics of Ardisia obtusa Mez, A. humilis Vahl and A. haceana Mez. The macrostructure and microstructure of wood and bark of the plants were observed in detail. The experiment results indicated that: The three species above: bark sepia to greyish-green, 0.5~2.0 mm; wood dull to little gloss; growth ring not obvious, 3~5 circle/cm; the shape of vessel cross section often has polygonal outline; radial multiple pore is mainly, pore chain 2~6, pore group common; tangential diameter 15~50 μm, 20~35 μm mostly; length of vessel element (A. obtusa 160~640 μm, A. humilis 80~280 μm, A. hanceana 220~625 μm); single perforation, the perforation plates of vessel element oblique or parallel; axial parenchyma without or not obvious; the Wood rays are not superimposed, heterogeneous II type and multiseriate; timber ray den-sity (A. obtusa 10~16/mm, A. humilis 2~3/mm, A. hanceana 3~5/mm); timber ray width (A. obtusa 2~6 cells, A. humilis 3~9 cells, A. hanceana 1~3 cells); timber ray height often beyond the range of section except for A. obtusa; timber ray spacing (A. obtusa 46~188 μm, A. humilis 80~640 μm, A. hanceana 400~1080 μm); timber ray cell size (A. obtusa and A. humilis often greater than pore size, A. hanceana often less than pore size); timber ray cell shape (A. obtusa and A. hanceana usually ob-long, A. humilis usually polygonal); timber ray narrows in the middle occasionally, separated by “S” shaped fiber usually in A. obtusa and A. hanceana; pith cell shape (A. obtusa and A. hanceana are polygonal mostly, A. humilis is round to elliptic); the pith cell of A. obtusa contains crystals, which form clusters; the pith core of A. humilis has abundant vascular bundles.