预想策略、时间间隔与反馈对事件性前瞻记忆的影响

The Effects of Predictive Strategy, Time Interval and Feedback on Event-Based Prospective Memory

摘要: 目的：基于过程性模型的新视角，探索预想策略对事件性前瞻记忆的影响，以及前瞻记忆是否受时间间隔和反馈的影响。方法：本研究运用情景模拟法，对随机抽取的130名大学生进行划消实验，根据其前瞻记忆正确率给予一半被试反馈，次日再次对所有被试进行划消实验。结果：1) “点-B”和“A-点-B”预想策略对前瞻记忆的促进效果优于“A-点”预想策略和无策略[F = 9.88, P < 0.05, η² p = 0.196]；2) 有时间间隔比无时间间隔的前瞻记忆正确率更高[F = 35.99, P < 0.001, η² p = 0.228]；3) 有反馈比无反馈的前瞻记忆正确率更高[F = 9.48, P < 0.05, η² p = 0.065]；4) 无反馈条件下，对于“点-B”预想策略组，有时间间隔条件下的前瞻记忆正确率显著高于无时间间隔下的正确率(P < 0.001)；而对于“A-点”预想策略组、“A-点-B”预想策略组和无策略组，上述差异均不显著(P_min = 0.186)。有反馈条件下，对于无策略组，有、无时间间隔条件下的前瞻记忆正确率差异不显著(P = 0.52)；而对于三个预想策略组，有时间间隔条件下的前瞻记忆正确率显著高于无时间间隔条件下的正确率(Ps < 0.05)。结论：策略能够促进前瞻记忆，其效果受时间间隔和反馈的交互影响。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the influence of predictive strategies on event-based prospective memory, and whether prospective memory is affected by time interval and feedback based on a new pers-pective of procedural model. Methods: In this study, the scene simulation method was used to carry out cancellation experiment on 130 randomly selected college students. Half of the subjects were given feedback according to the correct rate of prospective memory. The next day, all the subjects were given cancellation experiment again. Results: 1) The effect of “point-B” and “A-point-B” predictive strategy on prospective memory was better than that of “A-point” predictive strategy and no strategy [F = 9.88, P < 0.05, η² p = 0.196]; 2) The accuracy of prospective memory with time interval was higher than that without time interval [F = 35.99, P < 0.001, η² p = 0.228]; 3) The correct rate of prospective memory with feedback was higher than that without feedback [F = 9.48, P < 0.05, η² p = 0.065]; 4) For the “point-B” predictive strategy group without feedback, the accuracy of prospective memory with time interval was significantly higher than that without time interval (P < 0.001). However, the above difference was no significant among the “A-point” predictive strategy, the “A-point-B” predictive strategy and the no-strategy groups (P_min = 0.186). There was no significant difference in the accuracy of prospective memory between the conditions of with and without time interval for the no-strategy group under feedback condition (P = 0.52). For the three predictive strategy groups, the accuracy of prospective memory under with time interval condition was significantly higher than that under without time interval condition (Ps < 0.05). Conclusion: Strategies can promote prospective memory, and the effect is influenced by the interaction between time interval and feedback.