狭小空间内基坑开挖的监测数据分析及预测

Analysis and Prediction of Monitoring Data of Foundation Pit Excavation in Narrow

摘要: 随着社会经济的高速发展，人口增长以及国民生活质量不断提高，越来越多的地下空间结构不断增多，伴随着基坑开挖过程许多问题也不断出现。近年来，基坑工程随处可见并且可能带来不利影响，造成建筑物因地表下沉产生倾斜、开裂甚至倒塌等破坏。由于基坑施工场地复杂，在城市郊区或偏远地区的基坑工程施工场地一般较为宽广，而在城市内许多拆迁扩建的工程中，基坑开挖都是处于相对狭小的空间，而基坑周边又有许多重要管线、重要建筑物等。基于此，如何在场地受限的基坑开挖过程中保护周边环境的安全就显得格外重要。本文以广州某工程为例，通过对基坑的实时监测数据进行整理，分析了基坑支护结构水平位移、周边地表沉降和周边建筑物沉降的变形规律，并通过分析研究监测数据及时掌握基坑开挖对支护结构和周边环境所带来的影响，对监测数据进行分析，并采用相关理论分析与有限元软件进行数值模拟，并将二者结果进行对比，最后采用灰色理论GM(1,1)模型对地表沉降进行预测分析，为今后相类似的工程提供借鉴和参考。

Abstract: With the rapid development of social economy, population growth and the continuous improvement of national quality of life, more and more underground space structures are increasing. With the process of foundation pit excavation, many problems continue to appear. In recent years, foundation pit engineering can be seen everywhere and may bring adverse effects, causing buildings to tilt, crack and even collapse due to surface subsidence. Due to the complex construction site of foundation pit, the construction site of foundation pit engineering in suburban or remote areas is generally wide. In many demolition and expansion projects in the city, the foundation pit excavation is in a relatively narrow space, and there are many important pipelines and important buildings around the foundation pit. Based on this, how to protect the safety of the surrounding environment in the process of foundation pit excavation with limited site is particularly important. Taking a project in Guangzhou as an example, by sorting out the real-time monitoring data of the foundation pit, this paper analyzes the deformation laws of the horizontal displacement of the foundation pit support structure, the surrounding surface settlement and the settlement of the surrounding buildings, timely grasps the impact of the foundation pit excavation on the support structure and the surrounding environment, and analyzes the monitoring data. Finally, the grey theory GM (1,1) model is used to predict and analyze the surface settlement, so as to provide reference for similar projects in the future.