生态旅游中的环境知识教育

Environmental Knowledge Education in Ecotourism

摘要: 旅游与环保协同发展的生态旅游愈发受到重视，而环境知识教育则是其必不可少的功能。本文基于国内外环境知识内部维度结构的研究，在心理学视角下进行分析，提出生态旅游中的环境知识教育可分为客观环境知识教育、主观环境知识教育两个层面。前者强调传递与环境相关的信息类型，后者指对自我实际环境知识水平之感知的提高。在客观环境知识教育层面，生态旅游的环境知识教育内容需以行动知识、有效性知识和人–环境系统知识为主，并应着重突出其中与个体或人类直接相关的部分；而在主观环境知识教育层面，教育内容的语言与文字表达则需要具有自然拟人化的特征和促进自然共情的效果。但目前国内相关研究还较少，未来仍需进一步进行主、客观环境知识维度结构的本土化研究，以及主观环境知识影响因素的探索。

Abstract: Ecotourism, which develops in coordination with tourism and environmental protection, is paid more and more attention, and environmental knowledge education is an essential function of ecotourism. Based on the internal dimension structure studies of environmental knowledge at home and abroad, and from the perspective of psychology, this paper puts forward that environmental knowledge education in ecotourism can be divided into objective environmental knowledge education and subjective environmental knowledge education. The former emphasizes what kind of information related to the environment is taught, while the latter refers to the improvement of self-perception of people’s actual environmental knowledge level. For objective environmental knowledge education, the content of environmental knowledge education in ecotourism should be based on action knowledge, effectiveness knowledge and human-environment system knowledge, and should highlight the parts directly related to individuals or human beings. In subjective environmental knowledge education, the language and writing of educational content should have the characteristics of anthropomorphism of nature and the effect of promoting empathy with nature. However, there is still a lack of relevant researches in China. In the future, it’s necessary to further study the localization of subjective and objective environmental knowledge dimension structure and explore the influencing factors of subjective environmental knowledge.